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Genetics and DNA Discoveries in Biology - Chapter 8 Review

Assess your understanding of Chapter 8 in Biology with topics covering inbreeding, genetic research milestones, and DNA discoveries. Explore the significance of cousin marriages, transformation processes, and the identification of DNA as genetic material. Enhance your knowledge with historical experiments by scientists like Griffith, Avery, and Co. McCarty & MacLeod. Dive into the complexities of genetic information exchange and its impact on bacterial transformation.

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Genetics and DNA Discoveries in Biology - Chapter 8 Review

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  1. Review Chapter 8 Test NEXT TIME! Inbreeding article Notes – Chapter 9 "Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em, 'Certainly I can!' Then get busy and find out how to do it." Theodore Roosevelt To assess learning about Chapter 8. Title: Biology 3/6/07 Class Topics Objectives: Monday, January 6, 20207:28 AM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • Read 207-214 3/6/07 • W.S. 9.1 3/8/07 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Grade Sheet 2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

  4. Review Magazine article “Go ahead and kiss your cousin” • Why are neural degenerative diseases 8 times more common in Bradford than the rest of the UK? (62) • What are lethal alleles (62)? • Why is it likely that 80% of marriages in history were between 2nd cousins or closer? (62) • Why would some rich families encourage cousin marriages? (63) • Why do some cases of inbreeding lead to many diseases while others do not? (63) • What is outbreeding? (64) • What are some problems with outbreeding? (64)

  5. Johann Friedrich Miescher • 1868 - first scientist to isolate DNA • Studied pus from wounds • Called DNA - nuclein • Accomplishment not acknowledged at the time

  6. Frederick Griffith • working on vaccine for pneumonia (1928) • Strains • Smooth (IIIS) - virulent • Rough (IIR) - avirulent

  7. Graphic taken from the MIT Hypertext

  8. From: http://ribonode.ucsc.edu/HuGen/01_80H/01_80Hlec6.html

  9. Transformation • Something changed the IIR strain to the IIIS strain. What was it? • Transformation is the process of changing one form of bacteria into another form • trading genetic information • Between dead (HKIIIS) and living IIR

  10. Griffith’s experiment • Problem • Hypothesis • Procedure • Conclusion • Transformation

  11. Historical Perspective • Genetic material • Believed to be protein • More complex than nucleic acids • More common than nucleic acids

  12. Avery and Co.McCarty & MacLeod • 1944 - took Griffith’s experiment one step farther • found out what had caused transformation • Used enzymes to breakdown organic molecules - Carbohydrase, Protease, Ribonuclease, and Deoxyribonuclease

  13. Avery’s conclusion • Lipase didn’t block transformation • Carbohydrase didn’t block transformation • Protease didn’t block Transformation • Ribonuclease didn’t block transformation • Deoxyribonuclease blocked transformation • What’s the conclusion? • DNA is the genetic material of bacteria

  14. Avery’s experiment • Problem • Hypothesis • Procedure • Conclusion

  15. From: http://ribonode.ucsc.edu/HuGen/01_80H/01_80Hlec6.html

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