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Understanding the Urinary System Components and Functions

Explore the key components and functions of the urinary system, including the nephron, urine formation, GFR, and more. Learn about fluid balance, acid-base regulation, and aging effects on the system.

nicolepeterson
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Understanding the Urinary System Components and Functions

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  1. Chapter 18: The Urinary System Urinary System Components and Functions The Nephron and Urine Formation GFR & Ureters/ Bladder/Urethra/ Micturition Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Buffering Systems/ Aging Effects/ Homeostatic Interactions $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

  2. Urinary System Components and Functions: $100 Question • Urinary system synthesis of which hormone controls calcium ion concentration in the blood? • thyroxine • erythropoietin • calcitonin • calcitriol ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  3. Urinary System Components and Functions: $100 Answer • Urinary system synthesis of which hormone controls calcium ion concentration in the blood? • thyroxine • erythropoietin • calcitonin • calcitriol BACK TO GAME

  4. Urinary System Components and Functions: $200 Question • Ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine directly into which of the following? • renal pelvis • minor calyx • major calyx • ureter ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  5. Urinary System Components and Functions:$200 Answer • Ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine directly into which of the following? • renal pelvis • minor calyx • major calyx • ureter BACK TO GAME

  6. Urinary System Components and Functions:$300 Question • Which of the following structures is not involved in forming a component of the filtration membrane? • glomerular capillary • capsular epithelium • visceral epithelium • basement membrane ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  7. Urinary System Components and Functions:$300 Answer • Which of the following structures is not involved in forming a component of the filtration membrane? • glomerular capillary • capsular epithelium • visceral epithelium • basement membrane BACK TO GAME

  8. Urinary System Components and Functions:$400 Question • Which region of the nephron and kidney collecting system functions in the reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water? • proximal convoluted tubule • distal convoluted tubule • collecting duct • renal corpuscle ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  9. Urinary System Components and Functions:$400 Answer • Which region of the nephron and kidney collecting system functions in the reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water? • proximal convoluted tubule • distal convoluted tubule • collecting duct • renal corpuscle BACK TO GAME

  10. Urinary System Components and Functions:$500 Question • Which of the following endocrine structures secretes the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin? • glomerulus • juxtaglomerular complex • visceral epithelium (podocytes) • vasa recta ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  11. Urinary System Components and Functions: $500 Answer • Which of the following endocrine structures secretes the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin? • glomerulus • juxtaglomerular complex • visceral epithelium (podocytes) • vasa recta BACK TO GAME

  12. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $100 Question • Which metabolic waste product is generated in skeletal muscle tissue through the breakdown of a high-energy compound? • uric acid • ammonia • urea • creatinine ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  13. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $100 Answer • Which metabolic waste product is generated in skeletal muscle tissue through the breakdown of a high-energy compound? • uric acid • ammonia • urea • creatinine BACK TO GAME

  14. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $200 Question • ________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular capillaries, across the tubular epithelium, and into the filtrate. • Filtration • Secretion • Excretion • Reabsorption ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  15. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $200 Answer • ________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular capillaries, across the tubular epithelium, and into the filtrate. • Filtration • Secretion • Excretion • Reabsorption BACK TO GAME

  16. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $300 Question • Reabsorption of ALL organic nutrients occurs where? • glomerulus • PCT • ascending limb of nephron loop • collecting duct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  17. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $300 Answer • Reabsorption of ALL organic nutrients occurs where? • glomerulus • PCT • ascending limb of nephron loop • collecting duct BACK TO GAME

  18. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $400 Question • Which of the following statements regarding kidney function is true? • Active secretion occurs primarily at the DCT. • Nutrient reabsorption occurs primarily at the DCT. • Active secretion occurs primarily at the PCT. • Filtration occurs at both the PCT and DCT. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  19. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $400 Answer • Which of the following statements regarding kidney function is true? • Active secretion occurs primarily at the DCT. • Nutrient reabsorption occurs primarily at the DCT. • Active secretion occurs primarily at the PCT. • Filtration occurs at both the PCT and DCT. BACK TO GAME

  20. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $500 Question • If circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are low, then which of the following is true? • The DCT and collecting duct will be very permeable to water. • Little water reabsorption will occur and virtually all of the water reaching the DCT will be lost in the urine. • A small quantity of urine will be produced. • Urine with a solute concentration four to five times that of extracellular fluids will beproduced. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  21. The Nephron and Urine Formation: $500 Answer • If circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are low, then which of the following is true? • The DCT and collecting duct will be very permeable to water. • Little water reabsorption will occur and virtually all of the water reaching the DCT will be lost in the urine. • A small quantity of urine will be produced. • Urine with a solute concentration four to five times that of extracellular fluids will be produced. BACK TO GAME

  22. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $100 Question • Because each kidney contains approximately six square meters of filtration surface, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averages • 1250 liters/hour. • 12,500 liters/hour. • 125 milliliters/minute. • 125 liters/minute. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  23. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $100 Answer • Because each kidney contains approximately six square meters of filtration surface, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averages • 1250 liters/hour. • 12,500 liters/hour. • 125 milliliters/minute. • 125 liters/minute. BACK TO GAME

  24. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $200 Question • Regarding the micturition reflex, which neuronal fiber exits the spinal cord in a pelvic nerve and synapses on a neuron in an intramural ganglion? • parasympathetic preganglionic motor fiber • sympathetic postganglionic motor fiber • parasympathetic postganglionic motor fiber • sympathetic preganglionic motor fiber ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  25. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $200 Answer • Regarding the micturition reflex, which neuronal fiber exits the spinal cord in a pelvic nerve and synapses on a neuron in an intramural ganglion? • parasympathetic preganglionic motor fiber • sympathetic postganglionic motor fiber • parasympathetic postganglionic motor fiber • sympathetic preganglionic motor fiber BACK TO GAME

  26. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition:$300 Question • What type of transitional tissue, continuous with the renal pelvis and ureters, also lines the urinary bladder? • simple epithelium • dense connective tissue • stratified epithelium • loose connective tissue ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  27. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $300 Answer • What type of transitional tissue, continuous with • the renal pelvis and ureters, also lines the urinary • bladder? • simple epithelium • dense connective tissue • stratified epithelium • loose connective tissue BACK TO GAME

  28. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $400 Question • The actions of which hormone cause a decrease in the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT, leading to increased urinary sodium ion loss? • renin • angiotensin • aldosterone • atrial natriuretic peptide ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  29. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $400 Answer • The actions of which hormone cause a decrease in the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT, leading to increased urinary sodium ion loss? • renin • angiotensin • aldosterone • atrial natriuretic peptide BACK TO GAME

  30. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $500 Question • A reduction in blood flow and a decline in glomerular filtration pressure trigger which of the following? • dilation of the efferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries • constriction of the efferent arteriole • constriction of the glomerular capillaries and efferent arteriole • dilation of the efferent arteriole and constriction of the glomerular capillaries ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  31. GFR & Ureters/Bladder/Urethra/Micturition: $500 Answer • A reduction in blood flow and a decline in glomerular filtration pressure trigger which of the following? • dilation of the efferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries • constriction of the efferent arteriole • constriction of the glomerular capillaries and efferent arteriole • dilation of the efferent arteriole and constriction of the glomerular capillaries BACK TO GAME

  32. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $100 Question • The kidneys can compensate for a drop in blood pH by • secreting both H+ and HCO3–. • reabsorbing both H+ and HCO3–. • reabsorbing H+ and secreting HCO3–. • secreting H+ and reabsorbing HCO3–. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  33. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $100 Answer • The kidneys can compensate for a drop in blood pH by • secreting both H+ and HCO3–. • reabsorbing both H+ and HCO3–. • reabsorbing H+ and secreting HCO3–. • secreting H+ and reabsorbing HCO3–. BACK TO GAME

  34. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $200 Question • Which of the following organs play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids? • lungs and heart • kidneys and heart • heart and liver • kidneys and lungs ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  35. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $200 Answer • Which of the following organs play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids? • lungs and heart • kidneys and heart • heart and liver • kidneys and lungs BACK TO GAME

  36. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $300 Question • Water moves from the cells into the ECF if which of the following events occurs? • The ECF becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF. • The ECF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF. • The ICF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ECF. • The ECF becomes isotonic with respect to the ICF. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  37. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $300 Answer • Water moves from the cells into the ECF if which of the following events occurs? • The ECF becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF. • The ECF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF. • The ICF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ECF. • The ECF becomes isotonic with respect to the ICF. BACK TO GAME

  38. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $400 Question • Repeated vomiting of stomach contents may result in which type of acid-base imbalance? • metabolic acidosis • metabolic alkalosis • respiratory acidosis • respiratory alkalosis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  39. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $400 Answer • Repeated vomiting of stomach contents may result in which type of acid-base imbalance? • metabolic acidosis • metabolic alkalosis • respiratory acidosis • respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME

  40. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $500 Question • Ion pumps sensitive to which substance reabsorb sodium ions from filtrate in exchange for potassium ions from the interstitial fluid? • aldosterone • renin • angiotensin • antidiuretic hormone ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  41. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance: $500 Answer • Ion pumps sensitive to which substance reabsorb sodium ions from filtrate in exchange for potassium ions from the interstitial fluid? • aldosterone • renin • angiotensin • antidiuretic hormone BACK TO GAME

  42. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $100 Question • The normal pH of the blood and other extracellular fluids is • 7.0 (neutral). • 6.8 to 7.2. • 7.35 to 7.45. • 6.8 to 7.7. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  43. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $100 Answer • The normal pH of the blood and other extracellular fluids is • 7.0 (neutral). • 6.8 to 7.2. • 7.35 to 7.45. • 6.8 to 7.7. BACK TO GAME

  44. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $200 Question • Which system produces vitamin D3, which is important for the renal production of calcitriol? • cardiovascular • endocrine • digestive • integumentary ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  45. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $200 Answer • Which system produces vitamin D3, which is important for the renal production of calcitriol? • cardiovascular • endocrine • digestive • integumentary BACK TO GAME

  46. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $300 Question • Which of the following is an age-related change of the urinary system? • increase in the GFR • increase in total body water content • reduced sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone • increase in body mineral content ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  47. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $300 Answer • Which of the following is an age-related change of the urinary system? • increase in the GFR • increase in total body water content • reduced sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone • increase in body mineral content BACK TO GAME

  48. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $400 Question • The phosphate buffer system is represented by which stoichiometric equation? • H+ + H2PO4–⇄ HPO42– • CO2 + H2O ⇄ H+ + HCO3– • CO2 + HCO3–⇄ H+ + H2O • H2PO4–⇄ H+ + HPO42– ANSWER BACK TO GAME

  49. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $400 Answer • The phosphate buffer system is represented by which stoichiometric equation? • H+ + H2PO4- ⇄ HPO42- • CO2 + H2O ⇄ H+ + HCO3- • CO2 + HCO3- ⇄ H+ + H2O • H2PO4–⇄ H+ + HPO42– BACK TO GAME

  50. Buffering Systems/Aging Effects/Homeostatic Interactions: $500 Question • Regarding acid-base balance, when carbon dioxide concentrations rise, which of the following occurs? • Additional oxygen and carbonic acid molecules are released, and pH goes up. • Additional hydrogen and bicarbonate ions are released, and pH goes down. • Additional hydrogen and bicarbonate ions are absorbed, and pH goes up. • Additional oxygen and carbonic acid moleculesare released, and pH goes down. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

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