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Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE

Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE. Influential Thinkers Buddha Mahavira Confucius Laozi ? Socrates Aristotle Plato & other Greeks. New Religions/ Philosophical Systems Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Greek Philosophy. Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism.

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Axial (Spiritual Age) 6 th -4 th century BCE

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  1. Axial (Spiritual Age) 6th-4th century BCE Influential Thinkers • Buddha • Mahavira • Confucius • Laozi ? • Socrates • Aristotle • Plato & other Greeks New Religions/ Philosophical Systems • Buddhism • Confucianism • Daoism • Greek Philosophy

  2. Zhou Dynasty & Confucianism • Dynasties in Chinese History • Zhou Dynasty • Confucianism IDs: Mandate of Heaven, Duke of Zhou, Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), d. 479 BCE, Confucian reciprocity, filial piety

  3. Argument Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20th century.

  4. I. Dynasties in Chinese History A. Unity of China under dynasty by 1100 BCE

  5. B. Dynasties as Gov’ts & Periods in Chinese History Shang Dynasty (1600-1050 BCE) Zhou Dynasty (1050-256 BCE) Qin Dynasty (256-206 BCE) Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE) Tang Dynasty (618-906 CE) Song Dynasty (960-1279) Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) Ming (1368-1644) Qing (1644-1911)

  6. C. Shang Dynasty (ca. 1600-1050 BCE) Union of kings & priests (diviners) in state

  7. Religious ideas • Ancestor worship • Di (High God, founding ancestor of Shang family) • Divination by oracle bones

  8. II. Zhou Dynasty (1027 – 256 BCE) A. Composition of 4 of 5 Chinese Classical Texts

  9. B. Governing Ideals 1. Mandate of Heaven Di = Heaven King Wen King Wu

  10. Mandate of Heaven & the Dynastic Cycle

  11. 2. Virtuous Rulers and Ministers as Models • King Wu • Duke of Zhou • Regent

  12. 3. Values • Family • Social order • Strong son preference

  13. 4. Warring States Period* (770-221 BCE) Breakdown of unity Lots of small states War & anarchy (*actually it’s divided into Eastern Zhou Dynasty period, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period)

  14. Hundred Masters or Hundred Schools of Thought Confucius (Confucianism) Laozi (Daoism)

  15. III. Confucianism Confucius (Kong-fu-zi), 551-479 BCE The Analects

  16. A. Ideology of Confucianism • Hierarchy in Human Relationships leads to social order

  17. a. Hierarchical Pairs • father-son • ruler-minister • husband-wife • friend-friend • older brother-younger brother

  18. b. Reciprocity • treat those above with respect • treat those below with benevolence

  19. 2. Achieving Proper Behavior Rectification of Names

  20. b. Filial piety

  21. c. ritual • Ancestors • “Heaven”

  22. B. Impact of Confucianism • A philosophy rather than a religion • Subordination of Individual to Family

  23. 3. Reshaping of Elites as Gentlemen Officials Gov’t service: highest status Emphasis on education Training in virtue

  24. 4. Virtue & Reciprocity in Gov’t. Do not seek profit Support agriculture Protect common people

  25. Argument Zhou Dynasty ideals and the philosophy of Confucianism initiated the political, social and familial ideology that dominated Chinese government and society until the early 20th century.

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