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Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity. Chemical digestion - Saliva contains enzyme (amylase -> Carbohydrates). Mechanical digestion – teeth Tongue – muscular organ; aid in swallowing Stratified Squamous epithelial cells – function of protection. “Bolus” -= food Pushed into Pharynx. Esophagus.

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Oral Cavity

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  1. Oral Cavity • Chemical digestion - Saliva contains enzyme (amylase -> Carbohydrates). • Mechanical digestion – teeth • Tongue – muscular organ; aid in swallowing • Stratified Squamous epithelial cells – function of protection. • “Bolus” -= food • Pushed into Pharynx

  2. Esophagus • Bolus is pushed down via swallowing. • Epiglottis covers trachea, allows movement of food down muscular tube. • 2 Layers: Circular (Horizontal) & Longitudinal (Vertical) • Circular – made of smooth muscle tissue • Longitudinal - made of smooth muscle tissue • When one muscle layer contracts the other relaxes. • Involuntary contraction and relaxation.

  3. Stomach • Made up of epithelial cells and gastric glands • Cells: Mucous (mucous), Parietal (HCl), & Chief (pepsinogen = inactive enzyme) • Pepsin = Active enzyme that digests proteins. • Stomach cells go through mitosis rapidly (every 3 days new cells) • Regulated by hormone gastrin • Chemically and mechanically digested – stomach contractions also (smooth muscle cells)

  4. Small Intestines • Acid chyme needs to be further digested. • Liver – produces bile. Bile aids in the emulsification / digestion of fats. • Gall bladder stores bile. • Pancreas – bicarbonate ions aid in acid neutralization • Duodenum – acid chyme squirted into small intestine and mixed with bile. • Tissues = smooth muscle tissue (involuntary) • Simple squamous = blood absorbs nutrients and transports • Villi & microvilli aid in absorption of nutrients • Nutrients diffuse via epithelial cells into capillaries.

  5. Large Intestines • 2 Cell Types – Simple columnar and smooth muscle cells • Appendix – found adjacent to cecum, minor contribution to immune system. • E.coli found in lg intestine – aids in vitamin production. • Rectum – stores feces (indigestible plant fiber and prokaryotes); voluntary and involuntary • Water is reabsorbed (too much or too little = diarherra or constipation)

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