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PROTISTS

PROTISTS . Most diverse; 200,000 + species; wide variety of shapes, sizes, & colors; Unicellular (amoeba) & Multicellular (seaweed); All Eukaryotic; can be jellylike, rigid, or colonial; 3 groups: Protozoans Algae Fungus-Like. Protozoans.

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PROTISTS

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  1. PROTISTS

  2. Most diverse; 200,000 + species; wide variety of shapes, sizes, & colors; Unicellular (amoeba) & Multicellular (seaweed); All Eukaryotic; can be jellylike, rigid, or colonial; 3 groups: • Protozoans • Algae • Fungus-Like

  3. Protozoans Animal-like protists –unicellular heterotrophs that feed on other organisms or dead organic matter; Grouped based on movement; 4 types

  4. Sporozoans • Parasitic (nonmotile) • Produce spores • ExamplePlasmodium falciparum (causes Malaria)

  5. Amoebas • Pseudopodia for movement • Blob-like • Most marine (few freshwater—oozes, wet moss, & moist soil) • Asexual Reproduction • 2 types: • Foraminiferans – calcium carbonate shells • Radiolarians – silica shells

  6. Single-parent produces 1 or more identical offspring; this is called __________________

  7. Flagellates • Move by whipping flagella from side to side • Parasitic • Examples • In termite intestines • Giardia lamblia(causes giardiasis = water-borne diarrhea)

  8. Ciliates • Move by beating cilia • Most complex Protozoans • Example • Paramecia

  9. Algae • Plant-like Protists • Photosynthetic • Unicellular & multicellular species • Produce more than ½ the Earth’s oxygen • 6 Phyla

  10. Euglenoids • Unicellular; Aquatic w/traits of plants & animals • Most have chlorophyll (photosynthesis) • Move by using 1 or 2 flagella • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Euglena sp. Phacusacuminatus

  11. Diatoms • Golden Algae; Unicellular w/ Silica shells • Shaped like a pillbox • Photosynthetic Autotrophs • Marine & some freshwater • Asexual & sexual reproduction • Contain chlorophyll & carotenoids

  12. Diatom Reproduction • Asexual – box splits & each half make new half • Sexual -- gametes

  13. Dinoflagellate • Spinning Algae • Unicellular; thick cellulose plates in cell walls • 2 flagella (causes spinning) • Most marine; some bioluminescent • Contain chlorophyll, carotenoids, red pigments • Toxins – red tides – can be lethal– harvesting of shellfish banned

  14. Red Algae • Red Seaweed • Multicellular; chlorophyll & phycobilins (red & blue pigments) • Marine Tropical or Cool Rocky Coasts

  15. Brown Algae • Kelp; many w/air bladders to keep afloat near surface • Multicellular • Contain chlorophyll, yellowish-brown carotenoid (fucoxanthin)

  16. Green Algae • Unicellular & Multicellular & Colonial (seaweed Volvox colony hollow ball made of 100’s of flagellated cells in single layer) • Chlorophyll & some have yellow pigments

  17. Mostly freshwater; others in oceans, moist soil, tree trunks, snow, & in fur of sloths • Sexual & asexual reproduction (fragmentation)

  18. Fungus-like Protists • Multicellular • Form delicate, net-like structures on surfaces of food supplies • 3 Phyla

  19. Slime Molds • Colorful (yellow/orange to blue, violet, jet black • Animal-like = engulf food like amoebas • Reproduce by spores • 2 main types: Plasmodial & Cellular

  20. Plasmodial Slime Molds • Form plasmodium for movement & for reproduction • Moves by amoeboid action (creeps along) • Forming netlike structure on surfaces of decaying logs/leaves • Multiple nuclei • Spore reproduction in dry conditions

  21. Cellular Slime Molds • Food plentiful – individual haploid, amoeboid • Food scarce – form multicellular mass w/distinct cell membranes • Divide by regular cellular division • Tend to be microscopic

  22. Water Molds & Downy Mildews • Live in water or moist places • Decomposers & parasites

  23. Water Molds • Look like fuzzy, white growths on decaying matter • Grow as mass of threads • Produce flagellated reproductive cells

  24. Downy Mildews • Parasitize plants • Some cause plant diseases

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