Safety and organization

1. Safety and organization In EMTechlabs Valeria Poliakova 9.9 – 7.10.2011

4. Part 2: Hazards in the labs

5. Contents • Health hazards • Toxicsubstances • Noisehazards • Mechanicalhazards • Physicalhazards • Flammableliquids • Combustibleliquids • Explosives • Compressedgasses • Overheatedbearing and hotmachinery (firehazards) • Dustexplosion • Environmentalhazards

6. Health hazards • Toxicsubstances • Noisehazards • Mechanicalhazards • Physicalhazards • Flammableliquids • Combustibleliquids • Explosives • Compressedgasses • Overheatedbearing and hotmachinery (firehazards) • Dustexplosion • Environmentalhazards

7. Toxicsubsances • Irritants • Dust (asbestos, coaldust) • Ammoniagas • Halogens (chlorine, fluorine..) • Benzene • Systemicpoisons • Lead • Carbondisulfide • Methanol (attackscentalnervoussystem) • Benzene

8. Toxicsubstances • Depressants • Methanol • Ethanol • Acetylene • Benzene • Asphyxiants • Simple (methane, nitrogen, carbondioxide) • Chemical (carbonmonoxide)

9. Toxicsubstances • Carcinogens • Teratogens • Mutagens

10. GHS • Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

12. Aspirationhazard Krooninen terveyshaitta Kroniskhälsofara • Chemicals that are causing long-term effect, like cancer, genetic mutations, impaired fertility and fetus mutations. Also chemicals that, when inhaled, cause allergies and poisoning in a specified organ or tissue belong to this class

13. AcuteToxicity • Välitön myrkyllisys • Akut toxicitet • Chemicals that are poisonous at the instance they are consumed orally or through the skin (also through inhaling). Chemicals labeled in this way can have an immediate lethal effect.

14. Skincorrosion • Syövyttävä • Frätande • Chemicals thatarecorrosiveto the skin or causingsignificantdamageto the eyes.

15. SkinIrritatant • Terveyshaita • Hälsofara • Chemicals that are causing irritation for skin and eyes, allergic reactions, sleepiness and drowsiness.

16. Routes of Entry At home • Ingestion • Skin contact • Inhalation In the labs • Inhalation • Skincontact • Ingestion

17. Air contaminants • Gases • Vapors (gases) • Mists (tinydroplets of liquids) • Dust (solidparticles0.1 to 25 micron) • Fumes (solidparticles, finerthandusts) • Seecomparisontable

18. ThresholdLimitValues • Threshold Limit Value (TLV) by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) • Recommended Exposure Value (REL) by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) • Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) by Occupational Health and Safety Agency (OSHA)

20. Otherdefinitions • Time-weightedaverage • Combinedexposure • Ceilinglevels and Short-termexposurelimit (STEL) • Ppm and mg/m3 • LD50 • Standard completionproject

21. Calculations • CalculateTWAs and combinedexposure for eachgasgiven in 9.27 • Nitricoxide OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 25 ppm, 30 mg/m3 TWA • Methanol 200 ppm (PEL) • Sulfur dioxide General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 5 ppm, 13 mg/m3 TWA

22. Noise hazard

23. Noisehazard • Ear can withstand without damage a sound pressure 10 000 000 times as great as the finest sound it can hear • dB in log relation to actual pressure intensity • PEL 90 dB (TWA)

24. Mechanicalhazards • Point of operation • Power transmission • In-runningnippoints • Rotatingorreciprocatngmachineparts • Flying chips, sparsorparts

25. Point of operation and nip points

26. Health hazards • Toxicsubstances • Noisehazards • Mechanicalhazards • Physicalhazards • Flammableliquids • Combustibleliquids • Explosives • Compressedgasses • Overheatedbearing and hotmachinery (firehazards) • Dustexplosion • Environmentalhazards

27. FlammableLiquids • Syttyvä • Brandfarlig • Flammableliquids and vapours and gases of those. Aerosols.

28. OxidizingLiquids • Hapettava • Oxiderande • Chemicals that cause or support burning of another material

29. Explosives • Räjähde • Explosiv • Explosivechemicals and objects

30. Compressedgases • Paineen alaiset kaasut • Gasundertryck • Gases that are stored in containers under pressure (at least 2 bars)

31. FIRE Flammable substance + Oxidizer + Source of ignition --------------------------------------------------------------

32. Flammablesubstances • Organic gases (acetylene, ethene, liquid gases) • Organic liquids (volatile solvents, oils) • Organic solids (wood, paper, hair, clothes) • Dust • Hydrogen

33. Oxiders • Air oxygen • Strong chemical oxidizer (stong acids, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine)

34. Soures of ignition • Burning match or cigarette • Bunsenburner • Hot plates • Broken light bulbs • Welding sparks • Grinding of metal • Static electricity (generated by flow)

35. Flammableliquid (gasoline) • Burns, ifmixture with air 1.4 - 7.6 % + oxygen + sufficientheat • Ignitiontemperature 280 – 456 ’C • Vapordensity – higherthan air 3:1

36. DustExplosionHazard • Dipositions of dustare a hazard • Presentwhencombustiblematerialdustbecomesairborn

37. Health hazards • Toxicsubstances • Noisehazards • Mechanicalhazards • Physicalhazards • Flammableliquids • Combustibleliquids • Explosives • Compressedgasses • Overheatedbearing and hotmachinery (firehazards) • Dustexplosion • Environmentalhazards

39. Systems to identify hazards • NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency, US) • HMIS (Hazardous Material Information System, US)

40. Sources of information • MSDS • Books (i.e. C.R. Asfahl, D. W. Rieske, Industrial Safety and Health Management) • OSHA, EPA, TTL, Työsuojeluhallinto