The Industrial Revolution: Innovation, Immigration, & Urbanization

1. The Industrial Revolution:Innovation, Immigration, & Urbanization

2. What is the Industrial Revolution About? Production Transportation Immigration Rise of Cities Decline in pop from rural areas Corruption Union Activism Racism/Nativism Reform- (Progressives- Fix the problems of industrial society)

3. Things You Should Be Able To Answer What is the industrial revolution? What are the major innovations/industries of the industrial revolution? What are the effects of the industrial revolution? (both positive & negative) How are industry, immigration, & urbanization connected? Is the Industrial Revolution mainly positive or negative?

4. So, what does the industrial revolution effect? The Industrial Revolution effects the following areas: Technology: New products and inventions Business Organizations: The development of corporation &trusts Cities: rural to urban migration and immigration Labor Protections: unions, working conditions, benefits, safety Reform Movements: the Progressives will react to the changes brought by industrialization, pollution, food and drug regulations, political reforms

5. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Industrialization bringspositives effects: Inventions are created-More products--produced faster-- produced cheaper Jobs are created--- people have money to buy more goods-economy gets better for everyone Rich people get richer-- create more factories or businesses -- create more jobs--economy gets better for everyone Immigration-when jobs are available-------people move to the location of jobs-industrialization causes immigration-- Factories are built where people live-------cities grow

6. Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution Industrialization bringsnegative effects: Industrialization causes--pollution-air, water Industrialization causes---poverty- government doesn’t protect workers at first- workers compete with other workers for low skill jobs- workers work long hours- get low pay- unsafe working conditions Poverty is so bad-children need to work Massive wealth is created by factory owners-causes corruption- business owners use money to influence government officials

7. Iron & Steel • 1870-1880s iron production soared • Aided by the Bessemer Process -1850s • Blowing air and secret ingredients through molten iron to burn out impurities • Leads to the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad =1,900 miles of RR track in the 1860s • Allowed for the creation of sky scrappers • New Furnaces 500 tons per week

9. Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, • Steel towns- Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Birmigham • Michigan, Minnesota, Birmingham AL (Iron Ore)

10. Rail Roads Railroad Industry create rapid development & industrialization Aids transportation, access to raw materials and market is now more easy Land is granted to RR companies in exchange for building RR- especially the Transcontinental RR Later RR companies will own tremendous amount of land and sell it to people moving WEST By 1880s there are 150,000 miles of Rail creating an national economy. Construction of railroads leads to Immigration-Chinese in West, and Irish in East Turns settlement Models like Von Thunen upside down

11. The Growth of Rail Roads Growth of Track 1860- 52,000 miles 1870- 93,000 miles 1890- 163,000 miles 1900- 193,000 miles Chicago is a major rail hub- Government paid grants, $ to RR in order to complete and aid in Western railroad development

12. The Transcontinental RR

13. Big Business Tycoons Andrew Carnegie • Focused on steelmaking • Used vertical integration,owning businesses involved in each step of steel manufacturing to lower costs • Integrated Carnegie Steel by making deals with RR companies, buying rival companies, buying coal mines, iron mines, and shipping companies. John D. Rockefeller • Standard Oil Company was country’s largest refinery • Developed horizontal integration, owning all businesses in a field by buying out competition • Formed a trust,grouping many companies under a single board & allowed control of 90% of oil refinery business

14. Other Big Business Tycoons • Henry Ford revolutionizes the auto industry with his assembly line model • $5 work day • 3 Shift Model • 1895 = 4 automobiles in America • 1917= 5 million • 1914- 12 ½ hours to make 1 car • After 1915- 1 ½ 1 car • Prices= 1914- $950

16. Social Darwinism Based on the scientific studies of Charles Darwin-Natural Selection Ideas are applied to society and business “There is not a poor person in the United States who was not made poor by his own shortcomings.”

17. 3 Takeaways from today’s Lesson

18. The New Colossus Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free;The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,Send these, the homeless,Tempest-tossed to meI lift my lamp beside the golden door! Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flame is the imprisoned lightning,And her name, Mother of Exiles.From her beacon-hand glows world-wide welcome;Her mild eyes command the air-bridged harborThat twin cities frame."Keep, Ancient Lands, your storied pomp!"Cries she with silent lips. Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free;The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,Send these, the homeless,Tempest-tossed to meI lift my lamp beside the golden door!

19. What is the New Colossus? What is this poem is about? What lines give us clues about the nature of this poem? Why do you think the author titled this piece “The New Colossus?” How does this poem relate to the Industrial Revolution?