The Grand Wave of Pan- Africanism

1. Junkyung You Ji Won Park Taehoon Oh The Grand Waveof Pan-Africanism

2. Exposition How did it begin? • W. E. B. DuBois (1868 ~ 1963) • - Concept of Pan-Negroism (first enunciated : 1897) The London Pan-African Conference of 1900 (first use of the word Pan-African) Henry Sylvester-Williams(1869 ~ 1911)  Founder of the Pan-African Association (1897)

3. Organization - The African Association (1897) - Henry Sylvester-Willams - Later became the Pan-African Association in 1900 - London Pan-African Conference in 1900 - Practical expiration of the Pan-African Association in 1901 (premature attempt) - Pan-African movements were held throughout the whole world although the Pan-African Association became obsolete - Influenced future Pan-African organizations

4. Philosophy “George Washington was not god Almighty. He was a man like any Negro in this building … I prefer to die at this moment rather than not to work for the freedom of Africa.” -Marcus Garvey(1887 ~ 1940) - William Padmore (1903 ~ 1959) Pan-Africanism: a tendency to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single “race” and sharing cultural unity (Book) Gave pride to Africans and African descendants everywhere in the world

5. Western Intervention and Pan-Africanism - Europeans drew borders according to their need of profit after colonizing Africa - Sense of Unification among numerous African tribes - Direct contrast with Social Darwinism

6. Pan-Africanism as Nationalism

7. Definition Recap • Nationalism = commitment to building up the nation as a central part of the identity of the citizen and as a powerful force “Identity”  Negritude, Sense of ownership “Powerful force”  African Independence Notion of Africa as a Whole Political boundaries imposed by Europeans regardless of African tribal boundaries

8. Nationalism—Specific Cases • The philosophies of Pan-Africanism brought about… • Aborigines' Rights Protection Society in the Gold Coast (Founded 1897) • African National Congress in South Africa (Founded 1912) • National Congress of West Africa (Founded 1920) •  Decolonialism

9. Pan Africanism and INC-contrast Pan-Africanism Indian National Congress Indian National Congress- continue for a long time and contribute to independence Religious disputes Preservation of traditional culture • Pan African Association-didn’t continue for a long time and indirect contribute to independence • Religion, largely Islam • African superiority, direct rebuttal to social darwinism

10. Pan Africanism and INC-compare • Philosophy made way for nationalism (led to decolonization) • Different cultures and distinct traditions, attempt for unity

11. Discussion Points Worth Noting • If Europeans had divided borders according to tribal boundaries, would Pan-Africanism have been delayed? • Investigate the symbolism within the Pan-African flag. Relate it to factors of Pan-Africanism • How much of an impact did Pan-Africanism have on political independence of Africa? Account for heated rivalry between European states eventually leading to African independence. • Analyze the contradictory aspect of Pan-African philosophy. Was it just for W.E.B. Du Bois to argue for racial superiority of Africans? <Refer to picture, analysis of his life and philosophical stance>

12. Pan-African Flag