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Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter. Chemistry 4(D). Learning Objective Classify matter as a pure substance or mixture by investigating its properties. Classification of Matter. Pure substances have a defined chemical composition Ex).

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Classification of Matter

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  1. Classification of Matter Chemistry 4(D)

  2. Learning Objective • Classify matter as a pure substance or mixture by investigating its properties • Classification of Matter

  3. Pure substanceshave a defined chemical composition Ex) • Mixturesare formed from physically mixing two or more pure substances Ex) • Classifications of Matter

  4. Element – pure substance consisting of only one type of atom • All known elements are listed in the periodic table • Some elements always appear as groups of two • Diatomic elements –– H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 • Some elements exist in multiple forms • Carbon exists as graphite or diamond • Types of Pure Substances

  5. Compound – two or more atoms of different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio • Molecule – group of covalently bonded atoms with a fixed composition • Compositions of pure substances are described by formulas • Subscripts in formulas represent how many atoms of that element are present in the compound or molecule • Subscripts are written after the element they apply to • C6H12O6has six carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms • Subscripts of 1 are implied rather than written • H2O has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom • Types of Pure Substances

  6. Compounds have different properties from the elements that make them up Ex) • Properties of Compounds

  7. Law of definite proportions – a chemical compound will always contain the same ratio of elements • Law of multiple proportions – if multiple compounds can form from the combination of elements, the elements will always combine in small, defined whole number ratios • Ratio of the elements determines the chemical identity of the compound Ex) • Laws Governing Compounds

  8. Heterogeneous mixture– a mixture that is not uniform throughout • Different properties in different parts of the specimen • Homogeneous mixture– a mixture that is uniform throughout • Same properties in different parts of the specimen • Also called a solution • Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous Mixture By Victor Blacus (Victor Blacus) [GFDL] Solution

  9. Mixtures do not have defined ratios • Properties of mixtures are generally a blend of the properties of the substances they are made from • Properties of Mixtures • Chocolate chip cookies By Rdsmith4 (Own work) [CC–BY–SA–2.5]

  10. Separation of mixtures is a physical process • Based on differences in the properties of the substances • Separation of compounds is a chemical process • A chemical reaction must occur to break a compound into elements • Elements cannot be separated any further • Separating Mixtures and Pure Substances

  11. Classification of Matter

  12. Learning Objective • Classify matter as a pure substance or mixture by investigating its properties • Classification of Matter

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