St. Paul’s Cathedral London, England

1. St. Paul’s CathedralLondon, England Architecture 071 Architecture History II Spring 2005 Student: Kevin Bohnstedt Instructor: Rolando L. Gonzalez, M.Arch., Architect, A.I.A.

2. History Short Timeline 314 – Seat (Cathedra) of Bishop of London Established 604 – First Cathedral Built 675 – First Cathedral Burned 972 – Second Cathedral Rebuilt after Viking Ransacking 1087 – Old St Paul’s Built in Norman Style 1310 – Old St Paul’s Finished 1666 – Old St Paul’s Destroyed in Great Fire 1675 – Third Plan for St Paul’s Accepted 1710 – St Paul’s Completed 1901 – Queen Victoria’s Funeral Here 1940 – Targeted in WWII 1944 – Bells Announce end of WWII 1945 – Services with 35000 attending mark end of war

3. Design: The Plan • The Fire • After the Great Fire of 1666, the Cathedral needed to be rebuilt • Sir Christopher Wren included it in his plan for London • Sir Christopher Wren (1632 – 1723) • Trained in Science and Medicine • Took up Architecture at 30 • 3rd Plan for St Paul’s was approved (Warrant Design) • Fortunate Coda • Only Architect to design a Cathedral and see it through to completion in his lifetime • Knighted by Charles II in 1673

4. Design: The Plan • A Baroque Masterpiece • Wren derived his inspiration from Renaissance greats • Two Tier design all around • Paired Corinthian Columns on façade like Louvre • Twin towers frame entrance reflect Borromini • The Dome reinterprets Bramante’s Tempietto • Curved Transept Porches mirror the Pietro da Cortona’s

5. Design: The Dome Golden Gallery • First Dome in England • World’s 3rd largest • Triple layer design • Inside design • Whispering Gallery • Stone Gallery • Golden Gallery Stone Gallery Whispering Gallery

6. Recent History 1964 – Martin Luther King Preached here enroute to Oslo for his Nobel Peace Prize 1965 – Sir Winston Churchill Funeral 1977 – Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee 1981 – The wedding of the century 1996 – Fragments of Inigo Jones Portico found by archaeologists 1997 – 300th Anniversary 2000 – HM Queen Mother 100th Birthday 2001 – Service of Remembrance for the victims of 9/11

7. Renovations • A major renovation began in 1997 • Marks the 300th anniversary of the cathedral • Prepares for the next 300 years • Will cost 40 million pounds • Repairs, cleans, and improves accessibility • Also provides additional educational facilities • Scheduled for completion in 2008 • Celebrates 300th anniversary of opening

8. The Crypt • A favorite burial place for English heroes • The people interred here are a pantheon of English history • Sir Christopher Wren • Lord Admiral Nelson • The Duke of Wellington • John Donne

9. Visit St. Paul’s • Centrally located in London • Open for visitation daily • Chapels, Galleries open with tours • Visit their website for more information • http:/www.stpauls.co.uk

10. Questions?