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Explaining and Reducing Aggression

Explaining and Reducing Aggression. Aggression is an action performed with the deliberate intention of harming or injuring another person. Types of Aggression. Hostile aggression Aggression motivated by negative emotions such as anger Intent is to inflict injury because of the anger.

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Explaining and Reducing Aggression

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  1. Explaining and Reducing Aggression • Aggression is an action performed with the deliberate intention of harming or injuring another person.

  2. Types of Aggression • Hostile aggression • Aggression motivated by negative emotions such as anger • Intent is to inflict injury because of the anger

  3. Types of Aggression • Instrumental aggression • Aggression used to achieve a goal. • Not emotional.

  4. Types of Aggression • Symbolic aggression • No physical harm toward victim. • Aggression is directed against property or takes the form of verbal aggression.

  5. Types of Aggression • Sanctioned aggression • Aggression approved of and perhaps rewarded by society as in self-defense and war.

  6. Causes of Aggression • A. Biological bases • 1. Brain – Limbic system • Case studies • Animal research

  7. Biological Causes of Aggression • 2. Hormones – Testosterone • Correlational studies • Male vs. Female • XY vs. XYY • Animal research

  8. Causes of Aggression • B. Learning • 1. Social learning theory – people learn by observing others • Bandura’s “Bobo doll” studies • Studies of media violence and aggressive behavior

  9. Learning & Aggression • 2. Cultural norms • The Culture of Honor

  10. Causes of Aggression • C. Motives and Emotions • 1. Frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard & Miller) • i. Frustration always leads to aggression • ii. Aggression is always preceded by frustration • Problems: • Frustration does not always lead to aggression • Other factors can bring on aggression

  11. Frustration, Anger, and Aggression (Geen, 1968) No Frustration Task Frustration Personal Frustration Insulted by Another

  12. General Aggression Model (Anderson) Individual Differences Situational Variables Aggressive Thoughts Aggressive Feelings Physiological Arousal Appraisal Processes Behavioral Choice

  13. Controlling Aggression • 1. Psychodynamic processes: • Catharsis

  14. Controlling Aggression • 2. Motivational processes: • Control arousal • Incompatible response strategy • Gun control

  15. Controlling Aggression • 3. Learning processes: • Censor aggressive models • Model prosocial behavior • Introduce stronger penalties for violent behavior

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