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Fire Behaviour

Fire Behaviour. Elements of Structure and Fire Development. Aim. To give students an understanding of the effects of elements of structure on the development of fire. Learning Outcomes At the end of the session students will be able to:.

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Fire Behaviour

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  1. Fire Behaviour Elements of Structure and Fire Development

  2. Aim To give students an understanding of the effects of elements of structure on the development of fire.

  3. Learning OutcomesAt the end of the session students will be able to: • Describe the positive and negative effects of elements of structure upon fire development.

  4. Elements of structure • Elements of structure are designed to maintain the physical integrity of a building to enable people to use it safely • In the event of a fire, the structure should remain stable to allow people time to escape.

  5. Elements of structure of a building. Roof members are not elements of structure Separating or compartment walls Any gallery Floor Any part of structural frame Structure enclosing protective shaft Any load bearing walls Columns or beams Lower floor not part of structure External walls

  6. Columns Behaviour in fire depends on their material • Steel • Iron • Wood • Concrete.

  7. Fire resistance of columns Depends on; • The applied load • Type and strength of concrete • Dimensions • Method of reinforcement • Resistance to collapse.

  8. Beams • As they support a larger area of load, if they do fail, the area of collapse could be larger. • React similarly to columns in fire however,

  9. Floors • Wooden - usually domestic, some older industrial • Concrete - used in modern modular buildings • Steel grid can support concrete slabs or hollow block planks - both with steel reinforcement • Top surface of concrete skim.

  10. Hollow block and plank flooring. R.C. edge beam Concrete ribs Hollow clay floor blocks Concrete topping Ceiling finish Voids Reinforcement Filler tiles Rib reinforcement

  11. Hollow block and plank. Floor finish Cement/sand screed Void Internal support Typical hollow floor unit details Floor finish Cement/sand screed Grouted joints Typical channel section floor unit details

  12. Pre cast concrete slab.

  13. Roofs Not strictly an element of structure but does have an effect on fire development • Fire can spread through roof voids • Natural venting through the roof will alter the fire development • Roof collapse will affect the floors below.

  14. Roofing connectors Nailed-on joints.

  15. Sandwich panels Made of two layers of sheeting with a ‘sandwich’ of insulation in between these are in common use in commercial buildings and can cause problems in fires • Rapid and sudden collapse • Fire can spread inside the panels • Fire can be hidden behind panels.

  16. Modern building using sandwich panels. Purlins Rails

  17. Sandwich panel construction.

  18. ConfirmationAssessments will be based on this lesson and the corresponding study note Learning Outcomes • Describe the positive and negative effects of elements of structure upon fire development.

  19. THE END

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