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Caesar augustus and imperial rome. Week Five. a nce / ence = state or quality of. p ersever _____. e leg ____. r adi ____. What suffix finishes these words?. p ed = foot. pedestrian. pedicure. pedal. Caesar augustus and imperial rome. Week Five. I. The Altar of Augustan Peace.
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Caesar augustus and imperial rome Week Five
ance/ence = state or quality of persever_____ eleg____ radi____ What suffix finishes these words?
ped = foot pedestrian pedicure pedal
Caesar augustus and imperial rome Week Five
I. The Altar of Augustan Peace • In 27 BCE, the Senate decreed that Augustus be honored by the construction of an altar to Pax, the new goddess of peace.
II. The Price of Empire, 146-121 A. Winners • Optimates: members of the traditional Roman oligarchy • Equites: the nouveau riche • Tax collectors B. Losers • Slaves • Provincials
II. The Price of Empire C. Populares • Political leaders who appealed to the masses 1. Tiberius Gracchus • Redistributed land • Undermined the Senate • Assassinated by senators 2. Gaius Gracchus • Younger brother who reintroduced reforms • Extended citizenship • Also assassinated
III. The End of the Republic A. Personal armies • Shifting allegiances B. Civil Wars • Populares (led by Marius) revolt against optimates (led by Sulla) • Optimates under Sulla win • Dictatorship gives way to republican rule after Sulla wearies of butchery, but tensions remain Sulla entering Rome
III. The End of the Republic C. The First Triumvirate • Political infighting leads to an alliance between Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar • Alliance doesn’t hold—Caesar crosses the Rubicon, which initiates a bloody civil war Crossing the Rubicon
mater = mother mother alma mater matrimony
manu = hand manufacture manual labor manuscript
Exam next Monday • Bring a blue book • 25% of final grade • Format • 5 identifications (who, what, where, when, and significance) • One essay • Sample themes • Conceptions of freedom in the ancient world
Battle of Marathon • The Battle of Marathon took place in the fifth century BCE in ancient Greece. A vast Persian army threatened Sparta, Athens, Corinth, and other Greek poleis. The Greeks, underarmed and outnumbered, defeated the Persians at Marathon. This battle was significant because it convinced Athenians of the invincibility of their fighting strategy (the hoplite phalanx), the superiority of their culture, and the efficiency of democratic government as instituted by Cleisthenes.
III. The End of the Republic D. The Second Triumvirate • Julius Caesar introduces democratic reform, but then declares himself perpetual dictator • Assassination on the Ides of March • Second alliance between Mark Antony, Ledipus, and Octavian • Octavian emerges Octavian
IV. The Augustan Age and PaxRomana A. Caesar Augustus • An unexpected leader • Rise to power: instinct for power and publicity; determination; and had the right name • Absolute rule: Granted by the Senate in 27 BCE; any remnant of republican rule was a sham
IV. The Augustan Age and PaxRomana B. The Empire Renewed 1. Senate • Subordinated to Caesar’s interests • “Men fit for slaves!” 2. Equites • Expanded ranks of wealth businessmen • More room for upward mobility 3. Citizens • Treated veterans well • Placated the poor with food and entertainment
IV. The Augustan Age and PaxRomana 4. Divine Augustus • Restoration of religion and traditional values • Emperor worship 5. Poetry and patronage • Horace and Virgil • The Aeneid(19 BCE) 6. Geographical expansion • From Europe to Africa to Judea Aeneas’ journey
hydro/aqua = water aquarium hydroplane hydroelectric
cur = run cursive curriculum current
B. After Augustus • Death • “Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit.” • “Behold, I found Rome of clay, and leave her to you as marble.” • Succession • Tiberius • Caligula • Claudius • Nero • Expansion of boundaries Tile mosaic of Christian persecution under Nero
Epilogue • Augustan peace vs. the peace of Christ