Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道 -- 2013 年 7 月

Sermons From Science -- July 2013科学布道-- 2013年7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both YouTube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in PowerPoint slides in the website http://ChristCenterGospel.org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http://crev.info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http://ChristCenterGospel.org ckchui1@yahoo.com 10/7/2014 1

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • The more we learn about a vital molecular machine in the nucleus, the spliceosome, the more complex and important it seems. • The spliceosome is a large “slicer and dicer” that takes DNA transcripts (messenger RNA) and prepares them for export out of the nucleus, where they will be translated into proteins. Science Daily described what molecular biologists have learned about this amazing multi-function machine: 10/7/2014 2

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • The process of splicing is carried out by a highly complex molecular machine termed the spliceosome. Human spliceosomes are built up from protein and RNA molecules. They contain some 170 different proteins and five RNA molecules termed “small nuclear RNAs” (snRNAs). It is currently believed that certain snRNAs represent the tools with which the spliceosome carries out the cutting and joining of RNA sections, turning the messenger RNA’s precursor (“pre‑mRNA”) into mature messenger RNA. The proteins of the spliceosome are needed to bring these tools to the right place at the right time, and to set them into operation. 10/7/2014 3

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • Splicing processes in higher organisms are very highly regulated. In fact, differing patterns of excision and joining of a given pre‑mRNA molecule can lead to any one of a selection of different mature mRNA molecules — all from the same gene. This ability to select the mRNA product according to need is termed “alternative splicing,” and it is thought to be the most important means by which human cells manage to produce a vast spectrum of different proteins from a relatively restricted number of protein-encoding genes. 10/7/2014 4

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • So far, we’ve seen precision tools that arrive at precision times to do precision jobs. We’ve seen that this multi-part, complex machine, aided by multiple other proteins and small RNA molecules, is capable of turning a transcribed gene into a vast array of protein templates by means of alternative splicing. Years ago, it seemed a mystery why genes contained many apparently useless regions of code, dubbed introns, that had to be cut out of the messenger RNA (see 9/03/2003). The spliceosome’s magic of alternative splicing is providing clues. 10/7/2014 5

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • The article, based on a press release from the Free University of Berlin, used some pithy analogies to help readers understand the process. One of the tools was likened to a knife in a sheath, that safely moves to the cutting site, waits for a “start signal,” then unsheathes itself and goes to work. The start signal is given by another machine with a “remarkable molecular architecture” that enables the knife. But that start-signal machine is held on a short leash by another machine, preventing it from giving the start signal. That machine acts like a “plug in a stopper,” the researchers said, making sure the start signal is only given at the right time. 10/7/2014 6

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • But then, the researchers found another machine that works in tandem with the “plug,” regulating the “start signal” independently. “The existence of two or more different mechanisms to regulate the same cellular process underlines the importance of the exact timing of this process for the overall process of RNA splicing,” one of the researchers said. • This information is not just academic. “In humans, errors in this control mechanism can lead to blindness.” Could this machine have evolved by chance? The article does not mention evolution. It did say, though, that the spliceosome has some 170 different proteins. Could chance build just one protein? 10/7/2014 7

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • We in this century are so privileged to get glimpses into the inner workings of life at its most basic level. What would Aristotle or Galen, Leeuwenhoek or Darwin, thought if they knew that machinery—cutting tools, stoppers, regulators and other moving parts—so tiny as to be invisible without highly sophisticated human machinery—were keeping us alive? Every second, every minute we are being upheld by trillions of machines like this that nobody even suspected were possible till the age of molecular biology. 10/7/2014 8

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light剪接体的奇迹显露 • Had Darwin known this, he might never have dared to write a story that blind, unguided processes could explain life. There’s an interesting novella on that theme that was recently presented on ID the Future in audio format, 5 episodes. “I, Charles Darwin” transports the bearded buddha into the 21st century, where he learns about these wonders and responds to them. To encourage you to listen, we won’t spoil the end of the story. 10/7/2014 9

Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝 10/7/2014 10

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution两个化石挑战进化 • One living fossil and one dead fossil strain the credibility of evolutionary dates and mechanisms. • Cuttlefish melanin: PhysOrg reported on intact melanin from the ink sac of a Jurassic-era cuttlefish (see also 8/20/02, 5/21/12) . The spectrum of the melanin matches that from a living specimen. The article did not question why an organic substance would be expected to survive for 160 million years. It just assumed that it did, and launched into a speculation: “Because melanin survives so long, an analysis of the melanin from old cancerous tissue samples could give researchers a useful tool for predicting the spread of melanoma skin cancer in humans.” 10/7/2014 12

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution两个化石挑战进化 • Israeli frog: The Hula painted frog (no, it does not use a Hula-Hoop), feared extinct 60 years ago, has been rediscovered in Israel, reported the BBC News and National Geographic. Thought to be a casualty of the draining of wetlands in the Hula Valley in northern Israel, this strange-looking brown amphibian with white spots on its belly caused a stir of excitement when a frog, a kind of “idol of Israel” was found alive two years ago. Thirteen more have since been seen, leading to estimates of a couple of hundred remaining alive. 10/7/2014 13

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution两个化石挑战进化 • That’s good news, but not the only point of interest: it’s also a “living fossil.” According to the evolutionary timeline, members of the Latonia group of frogs didn’t learn to keep evolving. National Geographic commented, “the Hula painted frog is considered a rare example of a so-called living fossil, an organism that has retained the same form over millions of years and that has few or no living relatives.” The BBC article said, “These frogs were once widespread throughout Europe for millions of years, but all apart from the Hula painted frog died out about 15,000 years ago.” That would appear to make this frog a member of “Lazarus taxa,” groups thought extinct long ago only to be found alive and well today. 10/7/2014 14

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution两个化石挑战进化 • National Geographic erred by claiming that “Only about a dozen other ‘living fossils’ are known, the most famous of which may be the coelacanth, an ancient fish that can trace its ancestry back to the days of the dinosaurs.” As explained on CMI, Dr. Carl Werner has documented hundreds of them. Not only that, Dr. Werner has documented 432 mammal fossils (100 of them complete skeletons) in Cretaceous strata—almost as many species as dinosaurs. He has also found representatives of modern plants, crustaceans and insects in dinosaur rocks, as his video explains. Yet in 60 museums he visited, not a single one displayed a complete Cretaceous mammal fossil, or any modern animal or plant displayed with the dinosaurs. 10/7/2014 15

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution两个化石挑战进化 • We agree with what Dr. Werner said in the CMI article: • For example, if a scientist believes in evolution and sees fossils that look like modern organisms at the dinosaur digs, he/she might invent an hypothesis to ‘explain’ living fossils this way: ‘Yes I believe that animals have changed greatly over time (evolution), but some animals and plants were so well adapted to the environment that they did not need to change. So I am not bothered at all by living fossils.’ This added hypothesis says that some animals did not evolve. But if a theory can be so flexible, adding hypotheses that predict the opposite of your main theory, one could never disprove the theory. The theory then becomes unsinkable, and an unsinkable theory is not science. 10/7/2014 16

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • An intelligent design advocate is publishing a book this month that uses the Cambrian Explosion as evidence against Darwinism and for I.D. Two major evolutionary paleontologists have also published a book about the issue. • Stephen Meyer’s new book, Darwin’s Doubt, is officially released next week. Chapter 4 will tell about the uproar caused at the University of Oklahoma in 2009 when Meyer and Wells scheduled a panel discussion after a showing of Illustra’s film Darwin’s Dilemma about the Cambrian fossil record. Darwinists at the university attempted a pre-emptive strike by issuing announcements that the event was religiously motivated. In the Q&A, though, the university’s professors and museum curators could not produce any unambiguous fossil as a credible ancestor to any of the Cambrian animals. Meyer’s book, updated with the latest findings since then, examines all the putative fossil ancestors and evolutionary explanations for the Cambrian explosion, and assesses the issue’s relevance to the Darwin-ID debate. 10/7/2014 19

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • Meanwhile, two leading evolutionary paleontologists have just come out with a pro-evolution book about the sudden appearance of virtually all animal phyla at the base of the Cambrian. Written by Douglas Erwin and James Valentine, experts on the Cambrian fossil record, the new work, The Cambrian Explosion The Construction of Animal Biodiversity, was reviewed by Christpher J. Lowe (Stanford) in Science Magazine this week: “What Led to Metazoa’s Big Bang?” was his suggestive headline. His first paragraph states the problem in such a way as to furrow the brows of Darwinists and make creationists or ID advocates grin, “We told you so.” 10/7/2014 20

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • The Ediacaran and Cambrian periods witnessed a phase of morphological innovation in animal evolution unrivaled in metazoan history, yet the proximate causes of this body plan revolution remain decidedly murky. The grand puzzle of the Cambrian explosion surely must rank as one of the most important outstanding mysteries in evolutionary biology. Evidence of early representatives of all the major animal phyla first appear abruptly in the Cambrian(starting 542 million years ago). This spectacular morphological diversity contrasts strongly with Precambrian deposits, which have yielded a sparse fossil record with small, morphologically ambiguous trace fossils or the enigmatic but elegant creatures of the Ediacaran fauna. Following the Cambrian, despite a rich fossil record that documents impressive morphological diversification among animals, no new body plans have been revealed, leaving the Cambrian as the apparent crucible of metazoan body plan innovation. 10/7/2014 21

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • Lowe agrees, then, that it was an explosion, that all the animaly phyla appear abruptly, and that the few Precambrian fossils (including the “enigmatic” Ediacarans) are not ancestral to the Cambrian animals. So what, then, is the evolutionists’ response to this “outstanding mystery” that Darwin wrote about 154 years ago? Lowe is not helpful to the Darwin side: “The range of hypothesesproposed to explain the Cambrian explosion is as diverse and broad as the fossils they seek to explain.” • He gives some sample explanations from Erwin and Valentine’s book. The authors gave a “heroic attempt” to synthesize hypotheses from the “disparate fields” of geology, ecology, developmental biology, and genomics, each of which has “made substantial contributions toward unraveling the causes of this key puzzle of animal evolution.” But a contribution toward unraveling is not the same thing as actually unraveling. 10/7/2014 22

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • It shouldn’t matter that Erwin and Valentine decorated their book with nice illustrations. It shouldn’t matter how good they are at making their prose accessible to non-specialists. It also shouldn’t matter that they could state “how recent modifications to animal phylogeny have strongly revised our understanding of early animal diversification.” What is the explanation for the virtually instantaneous arrival (in evolutionary geological terms) of some 40 animal body plans, in a period of time Jonathan Wells has described in Illustra’s films as one minute on a 24-hour clock, or one step on a football field? 10/7/2014 23

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • After filtering out Lowe’s words of hope, not much remains of factual evidence in his tentative solutions: • The authors also review molecular biology’s substantial contributions to solving the grand puzzle of the Cambrian explosion, which have at times been at odds with interpretations derived from fossil data. Comparative developmental genetic studies and genome sequencing projects from diverse metazoan phyla have revealed some of the genetic innovations that were likely responsible, in part, for the increase in animal complexity. These new data may help us reconstruct ancestral morphological features of the mysterious stem lineages of the Ediacaran, by reconstructing ancestral gene complements and by inferring gene regulatory networks that have key roles in setting up the body plans of extant animals. However, our understanding of how to relate genomic and developmental regulatory complexity to organizational and morphological complexity remains in its infancy. 10/7/2014 24

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • This paragraph consists of little more than promissory notes that the infant will grow up, despite 154 years of trying. Identifying “genetic innovations” that were “likely responsible, in part” says nothing about specific mutations that could have been selected. And examining gene regulatory networks from “extant animals” can only be of minimal help interpreting extinct animals that left no DNA to study. “It’s just too complex,” Lowe seems to be saying. 10/7/2014 25

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • It seems that Erwin and Valentine’s solution is all futureware. Multidisciplinary approaches will be needed, they say. Proposing multiple causes will be needed, they say. More understanding of the environment, genetics and ecology will be important, they say, to explain this “great evolutionary puzzle”. Somehow, these factors provided “Ecological opportunities for novel morphological innovations” that (as evolutionists) they believe drove the diversification. In other words, if the environment builds it, the body plans will come. • Lowe’s last sentences appear to reveal that Erwin and Valentine have not explained the Cambrian Explosion at all: 10/7/2014 26

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • Erwin and Valentine illuminate clear links between seemingly disparate disciplines, and they make a compelling case that substantial progress toward understanding the origins of animal diversity will not be achieved through adding isolated gains in individual fields. It is futile to hope to explain such a major evolutionary event without embracing an interdisciplinary approach. • This implies that there has not been substantial progress toward understanding the Cambrian Explosion. The book appears to be a call for all good evolutionists to come to the aid of their theory. • Nothing has changed in the 7 years since Charles Marshall, the Master of Disaster, took on the challenge (4/23/06, see also 9/04/09, 8/05/10). His answer was circular; the animals “evolved because they evolved.” Something gave these animals the “opportunity” to evolve, so they took advantage of it. What kind of answer is that? Why do we pay any attention to these charlatans? 10/7/2014 27

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • If there was ever a key evidential falsification of evolution, this is it. Too bad for evolutionists it’s not the only one. There’s also the origin of intelligence and morality, the origin of consciousness, the origin of species, the origin of life, the origin of earth, the origin of cosmic structure, the origin of the universe, and the origin of anything from nothing. Every one of these is a show-stopper for Darwinism, and as we like to repeat, it only takes one show-stopper to stop a show. But who wants to watch a show with a master of ceremonies who comes out, shrugs his shoulders, and says, “Stuff Happens”? Put your money on the show with the necessary and sufficient cause for the amazing biosphere we observe: intelligent design. 10/7/2014 28

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 • There are old-earth ID advocates and old-earth creationists who can agree on that much—that the Cambrian Explosion falsifies Darwinism. Thinking long and hard enough about the consequences of that falsification, though, may lead to other questions, like, “Why are we trusting in the dating methods of these charlatans? What else did they get wrong” It’s at least a start of more and more honest debate. • Exercise: To illustrate the folly of Marshall’s explanation for the Cambrian Explosion, take something observable in everyday life and come up with a silly, obviously-illogical explanation for it. Then, dress it up in the most erudite, learned language you can, and see if you can fool somebody. Example hypothesis: An opportunity for knives, forks and spoons to appear in your kitchen drawer arose, so they emerged out of the surrounding material. 10/7/2014 29

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • Many of the stars and planets found by the Kepler spacecraft are not earthlike. Also, astronomers have seen planets destroyed by their stars. • Earthlike Planet Pool Shrinks • NASA’s Astrobiology Magazine reported that follow-up measurements of Kepler’s candidate earthlike planets show most of them are larger than thought; a quarter of them are 35% larger or more. “By implication, these new results reduce the number of candidate Earth-size planet analogues detected by Kepler,” one researcher said. Source: National Optical Astronomy Observatory News. Historical note: Johannes Kepler, a creationist, speculated on the habitability of other worlds. 10/7/2014 32

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • The announcement came just days after PhysOrg asked “How common are earths around small stars?” Someone has found a way for earth-size planets to exist around red dwarfs (the most numerous category of stars), where tidal locking and flares were thought to rule out living conditions. The brief article did not explain how those dangerous conditions could be overcome. 10/7/2014 33

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • Special Creation • PhysOrg reported the discovery of a “dust trap” around a star that could allow a planet to accrete without migrating into the star. If they could get the material to stick, this is the only way astronomers can account for rocky planets forming: • Computer models suggest that dust grains grow when they collide and stick together. However, when these bigger grains collide again at high speed they are often smashed to pieces and sent back to square one. Even when this does not happen, the models show that the larger grains would quickly move inwards because of friction between the dust and gas and fall onto their parent star, leaving no chance that they could grow even further. • Somehow the dust needs a safe haven where the particles can continue growing until they are big enough to survive on their own. Such “dust traps” have been proposed, but there was no observational proof of their existence up to now. 10/7/2014 34

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • The article did not discuss the sticking problem: dust grains do not stick together; they, too, are “often smashed to pieces” (see 2/03/04, 5/21/09). Having a safe haven does not imply that anything good is likely to happen there. • A paper in Nature claims that a new model keeps Mercury dry and Earth wet when they accrete from dust – that is, if plenty of tweaks are not overlooked: 10/7/2014 35

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • The authors’ model underscores the importance of the earliest accretion and solidification steps in determining the future evolution of the rocky planets. However, several crucial caveats need to be considered in applying this model. First, in extrapolating back in time, the faint young star’s radiation level needs to be considered. Second, initial atmospheres might not all be water-rich; the rocky building blocks for some planets might have produced atmospheres rich in methane and hydrogen, instead of steam. In the absence of a steam atmosphere, there would be no outgoing radiation limit to slow solidification and cooling. Third, forming an initial atmosphere above a magma ocean is not a simple process. The removal of volatile gases from magma might require a significant degree of supersaturation and might not occur until late in solidification. If this is so, then solidification would proceed to a high degree before a steam atmosphere formed and occluded heat flux. 10/7/2014 36

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • Planets Aren’t Forever • Old stars devour their progeny, New Scientist reported. “A survey of ageing stars offers some of the first direct evidence that these cantankerous elders often rip their nearest planets to shreds.” A JPL press release said that stars don’t obliterate their planets—at least, that is, very often. It appears “often” is in the eye of the beholder. • Scientific pronouncements are only tentative. Often further observations call them into question. Then later, more observations seem to confirm the earlier idea. At any given time, the probability that scientists are wrong about what they confidently assert is non-trivial. 10/7/2014 37

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 • If a model works, it does not follow that nature operates according to the model. Models are simplifications of complex processes that are useful for exploring possibilities. Who knows what omitted factors, no matter how inconsequential they might seem to the investigator, are crucial for the conclusions? The less models can be tested against observations, the more they become computer games for the entertainment of humans, not for explaining reality. 10/7/2014 38

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 • When you feel in spring in your step, thank tiny molecular motors in your muscles and tissues that make it possible. • A paper in Science by researchers primarily from University of Washington, Seattle, proposed the novel idea that the molecular motors in muscle cells store elastic energy. Observing flight muscles in moths, they deduced that the springiness of these motors provides an additional boost to the power generate by muscles: 10/7/2014 41

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 • Muscles not only generate force. They may act as springs, providing energy storage to drive locomotion. Although extensible myofilaments are implicated as sites of energy storage, we show that intramuscular temperature gradients may enable molecular motors (cross-bridges) to store elastic strain energy.… These results suggest that cross-bridges can perform functions other than contraction, acting as molecular links for elastic energy storage. • Researchers from Europe, publishing in PNAS, found that collagen and fibrin exhibit non-linear strain response upon loading. This is another factor that provides resilience in movement. 10/7/2014 42

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 • “We show that the nonlinear mechanical response of networks formed from un–cross-linked fibrin or collagen type1 continually changes in response to repeated large-strain loading. We demonstrate that this dynamic evolution of the mechanical response arises from a shift of a characteristic nonlinear stress–strain relationship to higher strains. Therefore, the imposed loading does not weaken the underlying matrices but instead delays the occurrence of the strain stiffening. Using confocal microscopy, we present direct evidence that this behavior results from persistent lengthening of individual fibers caused by an interplay between fiber stretching and fiber buckling when the networks are repeatedly strained.… Thus, a fibrous architecture in combination with constituents that exhibit internal plasticity creates a material whose mechanical response adapts to external loading conditions.” 10/7/2014 43

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 • This behavior is so interesting, they pass the news on to biomimetics engineers: “This design principle may be useful to engineer novel materials with this capability.” • Once again, the CEH Law is confirmed: Darwin-talk is inversely proportional to the amount of detail discussed about biological systems. 10/7/2014 44

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed光合作用的量子秘密揭晓 • The magic of light capture by plants is so small and fast, its secrets are only now being understood. • Lightning is slow compared to photosynthesis. A press release from the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) explains how “antenna proteins” capture photons of sunlight and ferry the energy to reaction centers: 10/7/2014 47

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed光合作用的量子秘密揭晓 • The efficient conversion of sunlight into useful energy is one of the challenges which stand in the way of meeting the world’s increasing energy demand in a clean, sustainable way without relying on fossil fuels. Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and some bacteria, have mastered this process: In less than a couple of trillionths of a second, 95 percent of the sunlight they absorb is whisked away to drive the metabolic reactions that provide them with energy. The efficiency of photovoltaic cells currently on the market is around 20 percent. What hidden mechanism does nature use to transfer energy so efficiently? Various research groups around the world have shown that this highly efficient energy transport is connected to a quantum-mechanical phenomenon. However, until now, no one had directly observed the possible impacts of such a quantum transport mechanism at work at room temperature. 10/7/2014 48

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed光合作用的量子秘密揭晓 • The quantum mechanical phenomenon is known as coherence. The way plants use it makes photosynthesis “more robust in the face of environmental influences,” the press release said. • Quantum coherence is manifested in so-called photosynthetic antenna proteins that are responsible for absorption of sunlight and energy transport towards the photochemical reaction centers where the energy is stored. 10/7/2014 49

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed光合作用的量子秘密揭晓 • ICFO researchers used light flashes at femtosecond speeds (10–15 s, one quadrillionth of a second) to monitor the actions of these proteins in their work. • The most surprising discovery was that, while the transport paths within single proteins vary over time due to changes in the environmental conditions, the protein uses the quantum character to adapt for optimal efficiency. These results show that coherence, a genuine quantum effect of superposition of states, is responsible for maintaining high levels of transport efficiency in biological systems, even while they adapt their energy transport pathways due to environmental influences. 10/7/2014 50

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道 -- 2013 年 7 月

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道 -- 2013 年 7 月

Presentation Transcript

Community Infrastructure Levy And Whole Plan Viability 4 July 2013

802.11 July 2013 Closing Reports

E-Filing of Returns for A.Y. 2013-14

FY 2013 (July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014)

The Actual Problems of Microworld Physics Gomel, Belarus, July 22 - August 2, 2013

a ccountability 2013

ACCET Accreditation Workshop July 8-9, 2013

2013 Legislative Session: What Passed/Failed this Session?

Honors Science 2013-2014 1 st Semester

Science Links

RECENT READING Tom Peters/11 July 2013

Spring 2013 Training Materials

Physical Science CHS 2013-14

CIA Toolbox: 2013-2014

NIH Regional Seminar June 26-28, 2013