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The World Bank In the Caribbean: Possibilities to expand Social Development

The World Bank In the Caribbean: Possibilities to expand Social Development. Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection September 11-12, 2008, Trinidad and Tobago. The Development Challenge in the Caribbean. Well-being has substantially improved over the last 50 years

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The World Bank In the Caribbean: Possibilities to expand Social Development

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  1. The World Bank In the Caribbean:Possibilities to expand Social Development Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection September 11-12, 2008, Trinidad and Tobago

  2. The Development Challenge in the Caribbean • Well-being has substantially improved over the last 50 years • Yet, the Caribbean still faces significant development challenges, especially low growth and high inequality, resulting in persistent poverty

  3. The Social Dimensions of Poverty and Inequality in the Caribbean • Poverty and vulnerability hits certain groups in society particularly hard (e.g. women, youth, the aged) • Stark differences in opportunities across regions and urban/rural divides within countries • Social exclusion and a lack of “voice” contributes to breakdowns in social cohesion • Crime and violence are widespread

  4. Global Issues Important for the Caribbean • Climate change– mainstreaming adaptation, mitigation, institutional strengthening, andthe social dimensions and economics of climate change • Migrationandremittances • Global Trade • Energy– developing regional energy strategy and supporting scale-up of innovative approaches in renewable energies. • Crime and Violence There has been an over-reliance on the criminal justice approach to crime reduction in the region, to the detriment of other complementary approaches • HIV/AIDS – encouraging regional cooperation and strengthening national health systems

  5. The Bank’s Strategy for the Latin America and Caribbean Region • Reduce poverty and inequality via: • Growth and employment, • Strengthening institutions for inclusion, equity and sustainability • Promote development through: • Investment climate • Pro-poor infrastructure • Education & innovation • Macro stability • Offer an integrated package of technical and financial services tailored to country needs

  6. Strategic WBG Initiatives • OECS Telecoms Project • Country Systems Pilot in Jamaica • Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Haiti • Regional Study on Crime and Violence • Strengthening Parliamentary Oversight in Guyana • Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility & Approaches • Promotion of regionally-based solutions • Increased Collaboration with International Development Partners (i.e. EU, CDB, CIDA, DFID, the Global Fund)

  7. Lending Active - 56 Projects $967.97 Million (US) Pipeline – 18 Projects $309.5 Million (US) Grants Active – 80 Projects $87.34 Million (US) Pipeline – 11 Projects 7.87 Million (US) The World Bank in the Caribbean: Working to meet the challenges of small states with innovation Total Active Financing – $1,055.32 Billion Total Pipeline Financing –$317 Million

  8. Social Development in the Caribbean since 2000

  9. Social Development and Social Policy • Social policy could be defined as a series of public policies designed to promote equity and social justice, which subsume additional objectives including social inclusion, sustainable livelihoods, gender equity, increased voice and participation. • Social policies then are public policies aimed at three levels: • promoting equality of opportunity to benefit individuals (micro-level), • equality of agency and institutional reform to benefit groups (meso level), and • horizontal and vertical social integration to benefit society (macro level).

  10. Frontiers of social policy: • The transformation of subjects and beneficiaries into citizens. • Fostering an enabling, accessible, responsive and accountable state. This entails universal application of rule of law, and equal rights under the law for all citizens. • Strengthening the capacity of states to mobilize revenue from their citizens, and diminishing reliance on external aid.

  11. The Bank-wide Social Development Strategy • Social development is understood to mean positive social change • “Empowering people by transforming institutions for greater social inclusion, cohesion and accountability” • The strategy focuses on three key pillars: • Social inclusion • Social cohesion • Social accountability • The strategy sets out four key priorities for SD: more macro policy and dialogue, SD operations, mainstreaming, and research/advocacy

  12. Social Inclusion • Promoting social inclusion involves addressing structural inequality of opportunity for different societal groups based on ethnicity, gender, age (e.g. youth), etc. • the social groups It entails focused analyses and targeted programs to: • Create economic opportunities for and empower • Build their social capital • Strengthen their interactions with the state and markets

  13. Social Cohesion • Promoting social cohesion involves strengthening communities so that people can work together to resolve differences in a civil, non-confrontational way, promoting peace and security. • This can take the form of: • Conflict prevention by building cohesive local communities and strengthening country systems • Post-conflict rebuilding of communities • Addressing crime and violence through preventive measures at the community level

  14. Social Accountability • Promoting local governance and accountability involves building and transforming institutions so people can exercise voice to authorities and those authorities can respond effectively • This bottom-up approach to governance can take place locally, (e.g. through municipal governments and local participation) as well as nationally, and can involve: • Participatory planning and budgeting • Public expenditure tracking • Monitoring and evaluation of service delivery (score cards)

  15. Distinguishing Features of SD Operations • SD operations share core commonalities with other WBG operations: • They work through government agencies • They finance: (i) Civil works, Equipment, Training/technical assistance, Country-level and community level analyses SD Operations are also unique in key ways: • They deal with different problems:How to empower the weakest to gain voice and agency in overcoming their poverty? How to build peaceful coexistence and strengthen social capital? How to use civic oversight to strengthen governance? • They treat the poor as actors, not beneficiaries: they use bottom-up approaches, and tailor investments to those that communities can manage (social inclusion) or oversee (social accountability) • They focus on particularly vulnerable groups as groups, not as numbers of individuals: e.g. at-risk youth, women, etc. and build in attention to culture heritage and values.

  16. Examples of Products by Business Line

  17. Advancing Social Policy through Social Guarantees • Social Guarantees are: • Sets of legal or administrative mechanisms that aim to clearly specify people’s entitlements to public provision (including dimensions such as access, quality, participation and opportunities for redress)and ensure the fulfillment of those obligations by the state. • They have five key characteristics that include: • Legal expression resulting in an explicit state responsibility; • Constructed in reference to a specific rights-holder; • Functioning mechanisms of access and redress; • The processes and commitments that they envision are defined in a precise manner; • Flexible/revisable, facilitating the reduction of opportunity gaps across social groups.

  18. Analytical Exploring the role that rights-based approaches to social policy could have in the provision of services and country governance. 2007: 11 Country Study (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, St Kitts & Nevis, Uruguay and South Africa) Conducted in response to, and in collaboration with the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Chilean Foundation for Overcoming Poverty (FUNASDUPO). Supported by the IDB, ECLAC and DFID. Operational Implementing the Social Guarantees framework as a means to strengthen countries’ institutional capacity for delivering and providing access to social services that further social inclusion and democratic governance Bank instruments available to support such efforts include: Development Policy Lending, Technical Assistance, Specific Investment Loans and a Sector Wide Approach. Implementing a Social Guarantees Approach to Social Policy

  19. Access: to ensure that rights-holders are able to access the set of defined services. Quality: to ensure that social services are delivered according to established quality standards. Financial Protection: to ensure that individuals, who cannot afford the costs of receiving the service, would still be able to access it. Participation and Continuous Revision: to ensure that the guarantees and sub-guarantees are continually updated according to the availability of resources, changing risks, political and social consensus, and the advancement of science and technology. Mechanisms for Redress: to ensure that individuals or groups can claim access to the guaranteed services through judicial and non-judicial mechanisms. Social guarantee programs should address a set of essential areas or sub-guarantees

  20. Social Guarantees Matrix

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