Second Line of Defense Training

1. Group 3 – Maintenance, Training and Sustainability Bangkok, Thailand May 12-15, 2009 Second Line of Defense Training Asia Regional Technical Workshop on Megaports Initiative David Kostorowski, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

2. Training is a Principal Component of SLD Program SLD’s comprehensive training program bridges the gap between the deployed radiation detection system and the partner country’s existing capability People (operators, maintenance providers, managers, technical experts) Deter Detect Interdict Deployed Radiation Detection System TRAINING Processes (local response, national response, source recovery, etc.)

3. Challenges in Training for Radiation Detection System Operations • It is low probability, but extremely critical security events that the trainee needs to be prepared to address • Operations typically possess nontechnical backgrounds, exhibit a diversity of education and experience, and a wide range of aptitudes and attitudes • Typically, short instructional times are allocated • It can be difficult to accurately duplicate real-world conditions in the training environment

4. Country-Specific Training Program • SLD travels to partner country and meets with training staff to assess country’s training infrastructure and capabilities • Based on the needs assessment, a formal Training Management Plan is developed collaboratively by SLD and the partner country

5. Training Program Objectives • Operational Readiness • Indigenous training program tailored to existing capability • Sustained Operations • Long-term effective equipment operations with trained operators, system administrators, and maintenance providers

6. Operational Readiness • Foundations Training (5-Days) • HAMMER Training Facility • In-Country via mobile training teams • On-the-Job/Hands-On • Maintenance and Repair • System Administration • Source Recovery

7. Sustained Operations • Stakeholders Familiarization (3-5 Days) • HAMMER Facility • CONOPS Scenarios • Train-the-Trainer • HAMMER Facility • In-Country • Advanced Inspections/Refresher Training

8. Train-the-Trainer Critical to Establishing Indigenous Training Capacity • Prospective trainers identified early in project • Based on the needs assessment SLD training of partner country trainers in instructional skills can be minimal or extensive • SLD training materials provided to partner country • Indigenous trainers assume training responsibilities with progressively less SLD involvement • SLD encourages trainers to participate in site assurance surveys to aid in identifying training deficiencies and taking corrective actions

9. SLD Training Products • Traditional presentations • Translated in partner country language of choice • Conduct of Operations • Actual site design drawing used with small-scale icons representing equipment, vehicles and people • Facilitates group interactions in developing of local response procedures • Interactive computer-based training, videos, animations support self-directed training both in preparation for initial hands-on training and in periodic refresher training • SLD-designed computer game promotes development of cognitive processes used in making dispositions of radiation alarms • Reference posters and job aids for continuous training awareness Table top exercises Computer-based training Interactive game

10. Discussion Questions How much technical/financial support will be provided to establish an indigenous training capability? Does this include the provision of training equipment and facilities? What type of training materials are generally provided to partner countries? What is the expectation for transitioning training responsibilities to in-country trainers? Is it a gradual or more abrupt process? Who pays for sending students to the HAMMER facility for training? Are training materials provided in native language?