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13.1 Applied Genetics

13.1 Applied Genetics . p337. Selective breeding. Selecting specific traits Best chickens, juiciest fruit Increasing the frequency of desired alleles in a population is genetic technology. Inbreeding. Mating between closely related species. Used to get desired traits Purebreds

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13.1 Applied Genetics

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  1. 13.1 Applied Genetics p337

  2. Selective breeding • Selecting specific traits • Best chickens, juiciest fruit • Increasing the frequency of desired alleles in a population is genetic technology

  3. Inbreeding • Mating between closely related species. • Used to get desired traits • Purebreds • Dogs, horses • Can bring out harmful, recessive traits

  4. A good breeder wants to determine the best genes from the parents. How can they know the parents genotypes? • Draw a test cross • See page340

  5. Test cross

  6. 13.2 Recombinant DNA Technology p341

  7. What’s genetic engineering? • Fast, reliable way of increasing frequency of alleles in a population • Involves:cutting DNA from 1 organism & putting it into another

  8. Recombinant DNA- connecting, recombining fragments of DNA from different sources.

  9. An organism that has foreign DNA is called a _____________ ______________ • See & read p 341

  10. DNA going to a transgenic organism is done in 3 steps: • 1. isolate foreign DNA fragment that will be inserted. • 2. attach DNA to a carrier • 3. transfer the fragment into the host organism.

  11. How is this done • 1st- restriction enzymes are used to cut/ cleave DNA • They often cut at areas called palindromes

  12. What’s a pallindrome? p342

  13. Once DNA is cut it must be carried into the new organism • A vector will bring DNA from 1 species to a new species. • Vectors can be biological or mechanical

  14. Bio- plasmids, bacteria- can carry DNA from 1 org to another and reproduce inside it. • (this works very quickly- can get millions of genes cloned) • mechanical- uses a gun/pippette to insert DNA from 1 organism to another.

  15. Once DNA is in the new organism it can make genetically identical copies and make a ____________. • Animals…

  16. Industry • Medicine • Farming

  17. Polymerase Chair Reaction • PCR-replicate DNA outside of living things • Separates strands of DNA by charge and length.

  18. Gel electrophoresis- p346

  19. 13.3 Human Genome p357

  20. Scientists want to map out every gene of a human. • They will use PCR to copy DNA and amplify it quickly.

  21. Clones are possible because DNA can enter a cell & control the cell to become identical to the original cell. • *Dolly- identical the original sheep.

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