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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. “Getting Pumped”. Parts of the Circulatory System. Blood vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Heart – “Double pump” . Arteries. Carry blood away from the heart Usually carry “oxygenated” blood (O 2 ). There is one exception to this rule.

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System “Getting Pumped”

  2. Parts of the Circulatory System • Blood vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries • Heart – “Double pump”

  3. Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart • Usually carry “oxygenated” blood (O2). There is one exception to this rule. • Muscular wall allows the vessel to constrict (get smaller) and dialate (get bigger) • Usually found deep in the body • You can feel a pulse in an artery

  4. Arteries

  5. Veins • Carry blood towards the heart • Usually carry “deoxygenated” blood (CO2). There is one exception to this rule. • Walls are weaker than arteries. • Veins contain valves that prevent blood from running backwards. • Found close to the surface of the body • Can’t feel a pulse

  6. Veins

  7. Capillaries • Thinned walled blood vessels that join arteries to veins. • Gas exchange between blood and cells takes place through these thinned walled vessels. (O2 into cells/CO2 into blood)

  8. Heart

  9. Heart

  10. Heart • Composed of Cardiac muscle tissue • Described as a “double pump” • Left side pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body • Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs • 4 chambers • Top chambers – Atria • Bottom chambers - Ventricles

  11. Explanation of Heart Left Atrium Right Atrium What kind of blood does each side pump? Which side of the heart is thicker Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Valves The heart has 4 chambers: 2 on the top receive blood and 2 on the bottom pump the blood out How does the heart pump?

  12. Valves • Atrioventricular valves – separate the atria from the ventricles. • Left side – Bicuspid valve (Mitral) • Right side – Tricuspid valve • Aortic valve – found at the entrance of the aorta (Semi-lunar valve) • Pulmonary valve – found at the entrance to the pulmonary artery (Semi-lunar valve)

  13. Internal structure

  14. Blood vessels • Aorta – largest artery in the body • Exits the left ventricle • Carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body • Vena Cava – large vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium • “Superior” – returns blood from the top of your body • “Inferior” – returns blood from the lower parts of the body

  15. Blood Vessels • *Pulmonary Artery * - carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs • Exits the right ventricle • *Pulmonary Vein* - carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left ventricle

  16. Pumping action • Pumping animation • The heart makes a “lub-dub” sound when it beats • The sounds come from valves closing • “Lub” sounds when the ventricles contract and the AV valves close • “Dub” sounds when the atria contract and the aortic and pulmonary valves contract • Circulatory system

  17. Blood pressure • Average blood pressure = 110/70 • First number – Systolic Pressure • Represents the pressure exerted by your heart during each contraction • Measured in mm of Hg (mercury) • Second number – Diastolic Pressure • Represents the pressure exerted by your blood inside your blood vessels in between contractions. • Blood pressure

  18. Heart Attack • Most heart attacks are caused by blockages (cholesterol) in the coronary arteries that feed oxygen to the cardiac muscle tissue. • A heart attack causes sections of your heart muscle to die. • The first indication of blockage might be Angina – chest pain sometimes misdiagnosed as heart burn • Pain in the left arm may also be present • Preventative procedures can help you avoid a heart attack

  19. Preventative procedures • Angioplasty – animation • Bypass – animation • Aneurysm - animation

  20. Electrical Circuitry of the Heart • Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) – collection of nerve fibers found in the right atrium. • - called the “pacemaker” of the heart • - stimulates the atria to contract and stimulates the AV node

  21. Electrical Circuitry of the Heart • Atrioventricular Node (AV node) • - once stimulated by the SA node, it causes the ventricles to contract • Electrical circuitry

  22. Electrocardiogram (ECG) • P wave – indicates the contraction of the atria • QRS wave – indicates the contraction of the ventricles • T wave – indicates the recovery phase as the heart prepares for the next contraction

  23. ECG • Inverted T wave • Flatline!

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