HSC PDHPE Core 1: Evaluating health care in Australia in relation to social justice principles.

1. HSC PDHPE Core 1: Evaluating health care in Australia in relation to social justice principles.

3. The Role of Health Care in Australia To provide public health services, including hospitals and administration. To provide quality health facilities and services to meet the needs of all Australians. Organised, financed and delivered by both public and private sources. Emphasis placed on diagnosis and treatment of illness by the medical profession. Health care in Australia mostly about clinical diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. A shift has occurred in the role of health care, from cure to prevention. Aims of health care in Australia

4. Range and types of health facilities and services

5. Responsibility for health facilities and services Funding for health facilities and services comes primarily from the Australian Government, state/territory and local governments, non-government agencies and individuals Which initiative is funded by sector Y? (A) NSW Driver Reviver program (B) Sun Herald City to Surf fun run (C) National Drug Strategic Framework (D) Community before- and after-school care program https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTo7vVjdKtQ

6. Equity of access to health facilities & services Equity, or ‘fairness’ to use everyday language, is at the heart of the Australian health system Equity isn’t only bout much more than whether health services are affordable. It also considers that: • some people miss out because of where they live; • others may experience a health system that does not meet their needs because of their different culture or language; • people with a disability or a mix of complex health problems may find that there are major gaps in access to medical and other specialist services and the ‘system’ does not connect up all their care needs.

7. How equitable is the access and support for all sections of the community? Medicare : Grounded in ‘access on the basis of health needs, not ability to pay’ PBS : Provides timely, reliable and affordable access to necessary medicines for Australians Points for: Bulk-billing: Occurs when a health practitioner directly bills Medicare for the amount payable for a service; the patient does not have to pay (Equity, Diversity, Supportive environments) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vh99VLDJrd0

8. How equitable is the access and support for all sections of the community? Points for: Additional government programs for the following sections of the community: • Indigenous chronic disease package • War veterans • Defence force families (Equity, Diversity, Supportive environments)

9. How equitable is the access and support for all sections of the community? Language support: Telephone interpreters, website – language text & listening options (read speaker) Points for: Royal flying doctors service : Delivers both 24-hour emergency services and everyday essential health care in remote and rural Australia (Equity, Diversity, Supportive environments) Sometimes referred to as Horizontal Equity (eg Medicare & PBS) or Vertical Equity (eg priority population groups – Royal Flying Doctor service)

10. How equitable is the access and support for all sections of the community? Points against: Access in rural and remote areas: eg. The challenges and health problems facing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been well documented . (Equity, Diversity, Supportive environments) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YLdHNKeuuI

11. How equitable is the access and support for all sections of the community? Points against: Sunday telegraph “heal the bush” campaign: • Rural health changes needed to prevent country people drying 3yrs earlier than those in the city • NSW rural health drive critical to equality • Poor access to radiotherapy is killing patients • Temora truck driver has to postpone surgery to treat his cancer because he can’t afford the trip to Sydney

12. How much responsibility should the community assume for individual health problems? This syllabus ‘dash point’ links to the concept that health is socially constructed Community responsibility for Mental health: Community services help participants to overcome social isolation and increase their connections to the community. • Eg. Targeted Community Care Mental Health Program • Eg. Men’s Sheds Also referred to as social responsibility for health (Supportive environments) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5oEq2yz_3c

13. Health care expenditure versus expenditure on early intervention & prevention Health expenditure comprises recurrent and capital expenditure on hospitals, medical services, dental services, patient transport services, other health practitioner services, community and public health services, medications, aids and appliances, health research and the administrative systems that support these services. 1.7% was expenditure on early intervention & prevention

14. Impact of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care, eg cost & access, benefits of early detection There is no question that early detection and subsequent early intervention is proving to be a significant contributor to improving health status A natural concern that often accompanies emerging treatments or technologies is the associated costs Since the 1980s, advancements have been made in the field of medical imaging that greatly enhance the capacity to detect many health concerns, including the presence of cancer.

15. Impact of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care, eg cost & access, benefits of early detection M-health= improved access & lower costs; helps early detection • Smartphone • Tablets • Patient monitoring devices https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmOGNfEJOcM