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Estimating CO 2 Emissions Reduction by example

Estimating CO 2 Emissions Reduction by example. Climate Change Information Center November 6, 2003. CO 2 Emissions (tons CO 2 ). Power Generation (MWh). Emission Factor (Tons CO 2 /MWh). GHG. A. X. EF. =. X. =. TJ vol unit of fuel. kgC TJ. Emission Factor (Tons CO 2 /MWh).

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Estimating CO 2 Emissions Reduction by example

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  1. Estimating CO2 Emissions Reduction by example Climate Change Information Center November 6, 2003

  2. CO2 Emissions (tons CO2) Power Generation (MWh) Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh) GHG A X EF = X = TJ vol unit of fuel kgC TJ Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh) X X X 1 ton C 1 kgC X 44g/moleCO2 12g/moleC Plant based - actual data conversion factors Carbon emission factor, per fuel type - IPCC Net calorific value, country specific, per fuel type - IPCC On Emissions from Power Plants: = vol fuel consumed Mwh output

  3. CO2 Emissions (tons CO2) Power Generation (MWh) Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh) X = Plant Capacity (%) 8760 hours in a year Installed Capacity (MW) Power Generation (MWh) = X X t Op * Pt*CEFt Total CO2 Emissions (tons CO2) = Total electricity generation output of grid (MWh) Percentage contribution to grid (%) Emission factor for specific technology and or fuel type(tons CO2/MWh) On Emissions from Power Plants : On Emissions from a Power Grid :

  4. = Op* CEFwt.ave t Pt*CEFt Op = t Op * Pt*CEFt Total CO2 Emissions = On Emissions from a Power Grid :

  5. = Op* CEFwt.ave Total CO2 Emissions

  6. 1 GWh = 1000 MWh = 1,000,000 kWh 1 kiloton = 1000 tons = 1,000,000 kg 1 ton = 1000 kg = 1,000,000 g 1000 tons = 1 kiloton = 1 Gigagram Kilo = 103 Mega = 106 Giga = 109 Conversion Factors

  7. Project boundary • Shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases under the control of the participants that are reasonably attributable to the CDM Project activity

  8. Leakage • Defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.

  9. Example 1: Aquarius Hydroelectric Project (Small Scale Project) • Description of the project activity: • Host country: Brazil • generate electricity using hydroelectric resources to sell to the power grid. • Hydroelectric power with 4.2 MW installed capacity = 25,755 MWh/year • categorized as I-D (Renewable Energy Project - renewable electricity for a grid) • baseline methodology - baseline is average of “operating margin” and “build margin” • crediting period is 7 years

  10. Aquarius Hydroelectric Project

  11. Aquarius Hydroelectric Project

  12. Aquarius Hydroelectric Project Step 1. Determine expected annual electricityproduction of project Step 2. Determine expected project emissions Step 3. Determine baseline emissions i) determine baseline methodology ii) compute for emission factors iii) compute for baseline emissions Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction

  13. Annual Plant Electricity Output (MWh/yr) Installed Plant Capacity (MW) Plant Capacity Factor (%) Hours year = X X 8760Hours year = 4.2 MW 70% X X Annual Plant Electricity Output 25,755 MWh/year = Step 1. Determine expected annual electricity production of project Plant Capacity Factor (%) X • how much electricity the hydropower project will deliver annually • how much electricity will be displaced from the grid

  14. Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2) Power Generation (MWh/year) Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh) X = Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2) = Zero project emissions Step 2. Determine expected project emissions 25,755 MWh/year Zero (0) = X

  15. Step 3. Determine baseline emissions i) determine baseline methodology “operating margin”- grid mix of all generating sources serving the system, excluding hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation “build margin”- grid mix of recent capacity additions (newly installed plants) defined as lower of most recent 20% of plants built or the 5 most recently built plants EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2

  16. Hydro Geothermal Diesel GRID Solar Coal Nat Gas Wind Priority Source Dispatched to Grid Sources most likely to be displaced by Project

  17. ii) compute for emission factors Specific consumption Calorific value Carbon EF EF = X X Conversion factors X * page 30 of Aquarius PDD (Liter/MWh)

  18. ii) compute for emission factors • operating margin - • mix composed of diesel-fueled (199.3 GWh) and natural gas-fueled (420.5GWh) power plants • diesel EF = 1.190 kg CO2/kWh (32%) • nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (68%) • weighted EF = 0.851 kgCO2/kWh • build margin • recentmix composed of two natural gas-fueled (718 GWh) and three hydroelectric (883 GWh) power plants • nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (45%) • hydro EF = 0 kgCO2/kWh (55%) • weighted EF = 0.310 kgCO2/kWh

  19. 0.580 kgCO2/kWh 25,755 MWh = X 1000kWh 1MWh 1tonCO2 1000kgCO2 X X Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2) = 14,942 tons CO2 ii) compute for emission factors EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2 = (0.851 + 0.310)/2 EFbase = 0.580 kgCO2/kWh iii) compute for baseline emissions (annual) Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

  20. Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction Eredn = Ebase - Eproject =14, 942 tons CO2 - 0 = 14,942 tons CO2

  21. Thank you! Climate Change Information Center Manila Observatory Ateneo de Manila Campus Loyola Heights, Quezon City Tel. No. 426-5921 Email: cd4cdm@observatory.ph

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