1 / 25

First Aid for Divers

First Aid for Divers (scuba-doo)

nortss
Download Presentation

First Aid for Divers

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Skill Development Course BSAC Course FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Skill Development Course Skill Development Course BSAC First Aid for First Aid for Diver Manual pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 1 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease! THE BRITISH SUB AQUA CLUB THE BRITISH SUB AQUA CLUB THE BRITISH SUB AQUA CLUB THE BRITISH SUB AQUA CLUB

  2. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS SKILL DEVELOPMENT COURSE BSAC FIRST AID FOR DIVERS STUDENT NOTES British Sub-Aqua Club, BSAC Thailand 9/ 33 Post Office Road, Mae Haad, Koh Tao, Koh Phangan, Surratthani, 84360, Thailand Tel: 0860589408 Fax: +66 (0)77 456782 www.bsacthailand.com info@bsacthailand.com All rights reserved. This Instructor Manual may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced or translated, or converted into any electronic or readable form without prior written consent of British Sub-Aqua Club BSAC Thailand under License from BSAC International pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 2 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  3. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS COURSE AIMS To teach the basics of First Aid likely to be needed in the sports diving environment and making use of the recourses likely to be available at the time. This will include the improvisation of dressing, splints etc using materials and equipment commonly available on the dive site or in the boat. PRINCIPLES AND PRIORITIES OF FIRST AID What is First Aid? The application of accepted principles of treatment on the occurrence of any injury or sudden illness, using facilities or materials available at the time. Propose of First Aid To do the minimum necessary to:  preserve life  limit the effects of the condition  promote recovery The First Aider Role and Responsibilities  assess the situation  diagnose what is wrong  give appropriately prioritised treatment  remain with the casualty until the casualty is either evacuated to medical attention or is fully recovered  responsibility ends when the casualty is handed over to medical personnel and a report given Priorities Assessing the situation  be calm and take charge  ensure the safety of yourself and the casualty  guard against further casualties  reassure the casualty  get others to help pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 3 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  4. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Diagnosis  incident history  signs  symptoms Priorities of Treatment Preserve life Basic Life Support  adequate airways (A)  adequate breathing (B)  adequate circulation (C) Control bleeding Limit the effects of the condition  treat for shock  dress the wounds  immobilise large wounds and fractures  comfortable position Promote recovery  reassure casualty  relieve the pain  handle casualty gently  keep casualty warm  arrange for evacuation to medical aid Multiple Casualties Priorities 1 - non-breathing casualties airways and resuscitation 2 - unconscious breathing casualties / recovery position 3 - severe bleeding  identify and treat most serious condition  treat others as circumstances allow  noisiest casualty is rarely the most seriously injured pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 4 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  5. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Hygiene  Major injuries – saving life is the priority, worry about infections later  Minor injuries – cleanliness essential First Aid considerations:  body fluids have the potential to be infectious  emotion should not be allowed to blow the potential risk of infection out of proportion  infections need a means of entry  whole skin is an effective barrier; as an added precaution, if possible, wear disposable gloves  if in contact with body fluids wash with soap and water  clean up spilt body fluids with household bleach  any perceived risks should not discourage First Aid  post event checks for possible exposure are available if in any doubt BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) REVIEW saving life is the priority, worry about infections later cleanliness essential to prevent a minor problem being aggravated by infection to prevent a minor problem being aggravated by infection ody fluids have the potential to be infectious emotion should not be allowed to blow the potential risk of infection out of proportion infections need a means of entry whole skin is an effective barrier; as an added precaution, if possible, wear disposable gloves if in contact with body fluids wash with soap and water clean up spilt body fluids with household bleach any perceived risks should not discourage First Aid st event checks for possible exposure are available if in any doubt emotion should not be allowed to blow the potential risk of infection out of proportion whole skin is an effective barrier; as an added precaution, if possible, wear disposable gloves REVIEW In water life support sequence BLS on land Continue Basic Life Support at a ratio of 2 breaths every 30 seconds first aid duties if more than one operator at a ratio of 2 breaths every 30 seconds until assistance arrives first aid duties if more than one operator until assistance arrives. Share pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 5 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  6. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS ●If it has not already happened, the rescuer needs to arrange for someone to contact the emergency services ●The rescuer should remain with the casualty and continue first aid. When the emergency services arrive they should be given all details of the incident and first aid given No two rescues will be the same. The likelihood is that there will be other divers able to render assistance from an early stage in the rescue. Whatever a rescuer does they will, by force of circumstance, have to compromise to achieve the best they can at the time. Because of the stress and exertion involved in a rescue, the more qualified assistance there is, such as good surface support, the more they can help and assist the rescuer as soon as possible. CASUALTY EXAMINATION Assess and record:  history  responsiveness – sight, speech  symptoms – information from the casualty  physical examination - minimal movement of the patient - head to toe sequence - compare both sides of the casualty’s body  Head Skull – swelling, indentations Face – colour, skin, temperature, breathing Eyes – pupil size, response to light Ears – hearing, blood, fluids Nose – appearance, blood, fluid Mouth – breathing, odour, wounds, irregularity, discolouration  Neck – loosen clothing, warning medallions, vertebrate, tenderness, bruising  Trunk – chest movement, symmetrical collar bones and ribs, wounds, tenderness, incontinence  Back and Spine – vertebrate, swelling, tenderness  Upper limbs - check movement , bruising, swelling, deformity, warning bracelet, feeling  Lower limbs – check movement, bruising, swelling, deformity, feeling  Feet – movement, feeling, colour deformity pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 6 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  7. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS SUMMONING ASSISTANCE Diving Incident Coastguard  VHF Radio – channel 16 (PAN PAN Medico)  999/911 Telephone Royal Navy (UK)  Telephone 0831 151523, Duty Diving Medical Officer’s mobile number  State that you have a diving emergency  The Duty Diving Medical Officer will: - give you medical advice - advice of the location of the nearest recompression facilities - advice on relevant telephone numbers He will not be able to: - - arrange transport advise of the availability of the recompression facility It is the diving party’s responsibility to: - - - contact the recompression facilities establish which facility can accept the casualty arrange for casualty evacuation via the local emergency services Have details ready to give to the Coastguard / Duty Diving Medical Officer and go with the casualty to the medical facility: - - - dive history description of signs and symptoms and when they occurred details of any First Aid given (e.g. Oxygen administration etc) Non-diving incident Ambulance service - - - - telephone 999/911 call give clear and concise details of the incident give clear and concise details of the dive location ensure that the person making the call report back to the First Aider Have the relevant information ready for the arrival of the medical aid pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 7 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  8. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS SHOCK Definition Inadequate circulation leading to tissue damage due to inadequate tissue oxygenation and waste removal Mechanism and causes Reduced blood volume (Hypovolaemic Shock)  massive bleeding  plasma loss due to burns  plasma loss due to bruising  prolonged seasickness Massive dilation of the blood vessels (Low Resistance Shock)  fainting  hyperthermia Inadequate cardiac output (Cardiogenic Shock)  heart Attack  pulmonary barotrauma Allergic reactions (Anaphylactic Shock) – drugs, food, stings etc Long period of immersion (Immersion Shock) - Removal from the water – keep casualty horizontal Signs and Symptoms  casualty feels weak, faint and giddy  casualty is anxious and restless  casualty may feel nauseous and vomit  casualty may feel thirsty  pale, cold clammy skin  profuse sweating  rapid shallow breathing, yawning and sighing  rapid weak pulse  unconsciousness First Aid measures  treat the prime cause  keep the casualty quiet and reassured  lay casualty down with legs raised (not if DCI burst lungs is involved) pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 8 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  9. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  keep casualty warm and comfortable  administrate 100% oxygen  nothing by mouth, moisten lips only  evacuate to medical attention evacuate to medical attention evacuate to medical attention eep casualty warm and comfortable eep casualty warm and comfortable (DO NOT apply heat) administrate 100% oxygen administrate 100% oxygen nothing by mouth, moisten lips only nothing by mouth, moisten lips only (DO NOT apply heat) WOUNDS AND BLEEDING Wounds Definition: any damage to the skin or underlying tissues an ‘open’ wound is where the skin is a ‘closed’ wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin a a ‘ ‘closed closed’ ’ wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin a a ‘ ‘closed closed’ ’ wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin wound occurs to underlying tissue beneath the whole skin any damage to the skin or underlying tissues any damage to the skin or underlying tissues an an ‘ ‘open open’ ’ wound is where the skin is wound is where the skin is breached breached Types of Wound: B pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 9 Page 9 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  10. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Bleeding Bleeding The body responds to bleeding by: Blood clotting Contraction of the blood vessels at the site of the wound Contraction of the blood vessels at the site of the wound body responds to bleeding by: Platelets Fibrin Thread Blood Clot Blood Clot General First Aid Aims:  minimise blood loss  help body cope with blood loss  treat for shock Control bleeding by:  direct pressure  indirect pressure at pressure point (release every 10 minutes)  elevation of the effective area DO NOT use tourniquets Pressure Points Definition:  a point where an artery presses skin loss indirect pressure at pressure point (release every 10 minutes) elevation of the effective area a point where an artery presses over an underlying bone while close to the surface of the over an underlying bone while close to the surface of the pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 10 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  11. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Locations: Open wounds First aid for severe bleeding  apply pressure (directly or indirectly as appropriate) to control bleeding  raise and support the injured part  if dressing is inadequate apply further dressing on top-do NOT remove existing dressing  bandage firmly over dressing  immobilise affected area to prevent disturbance of blood clotting First Aid for minor bleeding  cleanse wound  dry wound  apply sterile dressing  apply firm bandage  check circulation downstream of wound Internal Bleeding Signs and symptoms Temporal Carotid Subclavian Brachial Radial Ulnar Femoral Popliteal Pressure Points held for no more than 10 minutes Open pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 11 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  12. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Signs of shock without obvious blood loss  pallor  cold , clammy, pale skin  rapid weak pulse  thirst  confusion, restlessness, irritability  collapse, unconsciousness  pain and tenderness totally out of proportion to extent of visible damage  pattern bruising  coughing / spitting blood of blood in faeces or urine First Aid treatment  lie casualty down with legs raised  arrange urgent removal to medical care  Check and record condition at 10 minute intervals - breathing - pulse - level of response - If casualty looses consciousness, place them in the recovery position BURNS Types of burns Dry burns  flames  hot engine exhaust ‘rope burns’  electrical burns Scalds  hot water  steam pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 12 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  13. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Chemical burns  Acids (e.g. boat engine batteries) (e.g. boat engine batteries) Classification: Area  1% or more of the body surface area affected will need medical attention  The area of the hand is approximately 1%  9% or more of the body area will need hospitalization 9% or more of the body area will need hospitalization 1% or more of the body surface area affected will need medical attention 1% or more of the body surface area affected will need medical attention The area of the hand is approximately 1% of the body surface area Wallace’s rule of nine’s  head  upper chest  upper back 9%  arm (each) 9%  abdomen 9%  lower back 9%  thigh (each) 9%  lower leg (each) 9% 9% upper back 9% ) 9% abdomen 9% lower back 9% thigh (each) 9% 9% Depth Superficial – outer layer of skin only of skin only  redness  swelling  extreme tenderness Partial – thickness – can be infected can be infected  blisters  surrounding area swollen and red surrounding area swollen and red Full- thickness – relatively pain free due to damaged nerves relatively pain free due to damaged nerves kin appears waxy and pale  skin appears waxy and pale  sometime charring pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 13 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  14. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Signs and symptoms  severe pain at the sight of injury  numbness if a deep burn  sometimes blistering  grey, charred, peeling skin  shock Electrical burns  superficial surface injury  extensive damage to lower layers  Cardiac Arrest? General treatment – superficial burns and scalds  reassure the casualty  cool the affected area gently running cold water 10 minutes minimum  remove constrictions before swelling starts  protect the affected area DO NOT : break blisters – natures natural protection apply lotions, ointments etc use adhesive dressings - - - - - General treatment – partial and full thickness burns Note: for electrical burns ensure electricity supply is disconnected  lay casualty down  gently remove constriction before swelling starts  Carefully remove fluid soaked clothing, DO NOT remove dry clothing  use unmedicated sterile dressings  immobilize badly burned limbs  treat for shock If Conscious, give frequentsips of cold water  recovery position  evacuate to medical attention if burns are greater than 1% of body surface area General treatment – chemical burns  flood the affected part with water pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 14 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  15. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  flood for a minimum of 10 minutes  ensure water drains clear of the unaffected areas  gently remove contaminated clothing  avoid spreading the contamination  avoid self contamination  continue as for partial and full thickness burns continue as for partial and full thickness burns for a minimum of 10 minutes ensure water drains clear of the unaffected areas gently remove contaminated clothing avoid spreading the contamination MISCELENAEOUS INJURIES Mask squeeze Cause  Inadequate equalization of the mask volume on decent Inadequate equalization of the mask volume on decent Signs ruised haemorrhaged eyes  bruised/swollen facial tissue  bruised haemorrhaged eyes ed/swollen facial tissue First Aid treatment  self healing  reassurance  medical attention if painful  casualty should reframe from diving until clear and taught how to prevent a recurrence edical attention if painful asualty should reframe from diving until clear and taught how to prevent a recurrence asualty should reframe from diving until clear and taught how to prevent a recurrence EAR PROBLEMS Structure Causes  Inadequate ear clearing on decent  Tight hood on decent Inadequate ear clearing on decent pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 15 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  16. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  Blocked Eustachian tube on ascent Sign and symptoms  pain – which maybe suddenly reduce  giddiness/vertigo  hearing disturbances – tinnitus  deafness  possible bleeding from the ear First Aid treatment  cover the ear with a sterile dressing  place head in an attitude that allows the blood to drain out of the ear  obtain medical attention  refrain from diving until cleared by a doctor to resume SINUSES Frontal Ethmoidal Cause  Blocked entry to sinus Signs and symptoms  acute pain in the affected area  possible blood discharge from nose Maxillary First Aid Treatment  no direct first aid possible  pain killers  medical aid in serve cases TEETH Causes  air pockets trapped behind fillings  cavities with narrow openings Signs and symptoms pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 16 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  17. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  sensitivity/pain in tooth during ascent and /or descent  dislodged filling /split tooth  possible bleeding from the gum possible bleeding from the gum ensitivity/pain in tooth during ascent and /or descent se First Aid Treatment  for pain only, refer casualty to dentist for rectification of cavity before further diving  for damage to tooth /bleeding, place pad to prevent contact of injured area with other teeth and evacuate to medical attention o medical attention or pain only, refer casualty to dentist for rectification of cavity before further diving for damage to tooth /bleeding, place pad to prevent contact of injured area with other teeth for damage to tooth /bleeding, place pad to prevent contact of injured area with other teeth or pain only, refer casualty to dentist for rectification of cavity before further diving BLAST INJURY Causes  exploding cylinder  burst (failing hose)  explosives - extremely unlikely in SPORT extremely unlikely in SPORT diving Injuries in air can be very dramatic. Underwater can produce profound internal damage with injuries Injuries in air can be very dramatic. Underwater can produce profound internal damage with little or no visible Injuries are due to: Injuries  overpressure  bruising  separation between adjacent tissues  soft tissue damage  limbs damaged or amputation limbs damaged or amputation separation between adjacent tissues Shrapnel  high velocity /energy particles  possible multiple wounds  small entry wounds / serve underlying tissue damage  major organ damage igh velocity /energy particles serve underlying tissue damage First Aid treatment  no specific treatment – combined normal First Aid actions for various types of injury  counter bleeding  treat fractures  make casualty comfortable  treat for shock  arrange for medical attention at the earliest point that priorities dictate attention at the earliest point that priorities dictate combined normal First Aid actions for various types of injury combined normal First Aid actions for various types of injury make casualty comfortable pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 17 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  18. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS SEASICKNESS Cause ffect of motion on balance mechanism frequency and nature of the motion affect people different  effect of motion on balance mechanism  frequency and nature of the motion affect people different Prevention /minimization  diet  location in the boat  visual horizon  constrictions  anti-seasickness measures  different motion once in the water seasickness measures- tables, pads, wristbands, adaptation ifferent motion once in the water Signs and symptoms  nausea  pallor  vomiting  headache  loss of co-ordination  casualty becomes irrational asualty becomes irrational Treatment  lay /sit casualty down  keep warm  secure casualty to prevent injury or from falling overboard  remove to stable environment ecure casualty to prevent injury or from falling overboard emove to stable environment HYPOTHERMIA Definition  body temperature drops below 35 C  moderate hypothermia  recovery is unlikely when fallen below 26-24 C ody temperature drops below 35 C ecovery is unlikely when the body temperature has Cause  Inadequate protection against a cold environment Inadequate protection against a cold environment pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 18 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  19. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  water conducts heat 25 times faster than air  wind chill /evaporation ater conducts heat 25 times faster than air Signs and symptoms Treatment  insulation, around and underneath  lay casualty down, keep quiet  place casualty in the recovery position if unconscious  keep hand and arms away from direct contact with the body trunk  place in a warm sheltered environment  replace or cover wet clothing  administrate hot sweet drinks  BLS if required  evacuate to medical attention evacuate to medical attention nsulation, around and underneath the casualty ay casualty down, keep quiet lace casualty in the recovery position if unconscious keep hand and arms away from direct contact with the body trunk place in a warm sheltered environment replace or cover wet clothing drinks Do not:  give the casualty alcohol  rub or massage the casualty limbs  allow the casualty to perform any exercise allow the casualty to perform any exercise rub or massage the casualty limbs In extreme circumstances where medical aid is not available: In extreme circumstances where medical aid is not available:  Apply GENTLE heat to the bod  Aim to re-warm at the same rate that the body was originally cooled warm at the same rate that the body was originally cooled heat to the body trunk, not to the extremities HYPERTHERMIA Heat exhaustion is the aspect of hyperthermia most likely to be encountered in the UK. Other aspects of hyperthermia, such as heat stroke, a They are not covered in this course when it is run in the UK. They are not covered in this course when it is run in the UK. is the aspect of hyperthermia most likely to be encountered in the UK. Other aspects of hyperthermia, such as heat stroke, are only likely to be encountered in hot climates. re only likely to be encountered in hot climates. is the aspect of hyperthermia most likely to be encountered in the UK. Other Causes xercise in warm climates, e.g. on diving holiday in the Tropics in the UK summer temperatures when wearing dry suit, involved in heavy exercise sweating results in loss of salt from the body aggravated by stomach upset with diarrhea and vomiting  exercise in warm climates, e.g. on diving holiday in the Tropics  overheating in the UK summer temperatures when wearing dry suit, involved in heavy exercise  sweating results in loss of salt from the body  aggravated by stomach upset with diarrhea and vomiting in the UK summer temperatures when wearing dry suit, particularly when Signs and symptoms asualty feels exhausted and restless  casualty feels exhausted and restless pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 19 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  20. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  headache, dizziness, nausea  muscular cramps in lower limbs  pale face, cold clammy skin  breathing fast and shallow, pulse rapid and weak  temperature normal or falls Treatment  lay casualty down in a cool place  if conscious give slips of cold water  if sweating profusely, diarrhea and /or vomiting give half a teaspoonful of salt to each litre of water  place in recovery position if unconscious  evacuate to medical aid Exhaustion Cause  overexertion  aggravated by heat, cold, depth illness Signs and symptoms  deep labored breathing  headache  confusion  body unable to respond, either physically or mentally, to the demands placed upon it First Aid Treatment  cease physical activity  lay casualty down  keep casualty quiet  if underwater settle on a stationary object regain control of breathing control buoyant ascent provide surface buoyancy assist from the water - - - - - Exhaustion is a common indicator of decompression sickness pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 20 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  21. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS The skeleton  Provides support to the body tissues  Protects the major organs  Enable moment Provides support to the body tissues Protects the major organs The muscles  Cause movement  Operate vital functions respiration circulation - - Strains Definition – overstretching of a muscle overstretching of a muscle Signs and symptoms  sudden sharp pains at the site  swelling in limb muscle welling in limb muscles udden sharp pains at the site of injury Sprain Definition – wrenching or tearing of ligaments or tissue at a joint wrenching or tearing of ligaments or tissue at a joint Sign and symptoms  pain at joint  swelling  bruising and discolouration (later)  inability to move joint without pain nability to move joint without pain ruising and discolouration (later) First Aid Treatment of strains and sprains strains and sprains R – rest, supported in the most comfortable position  I – ice bag or cold water compress C - compression with cotton wool and bandage E– elevation of the injured area and evacuate to medical aid elevation of the injured area and evacuate to medical aid rest, supported in the most comfortable position ice bag or cold water compress compression with cotton wool and bandage FRACTURES Definition – broken or cracked bone cracked bone pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 21 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  22. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Causes Indirect Force Direct Force Indirect Force Direct Force  Muscle contraction Types Closed Fracture – Broken bone under the skin Broken bone under the skin Open Fractures – Bone protruding through the skin Bone protruding through the skin  Associated, organs, tissue, nerve or blood vessel Associated, organs, tissue, nerve or blood vessel Sign and symptoms  sound  visible bone ends  pain  deformity  crepitus  tenderness to gentle pressure  swelling / bruising  loss of power to the limb  shock enderness to gentle pressure General rules for treatment  rarely life threatening  immobilize where lay pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 22 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  23. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS FIRST AID FOR DIVERS  steadily until splinted  gentle traction above and below break  support in the most comfortable position  dress open fracture before splinting  transport slowly and deliberately  don’t miss other less obvious condition  treat for shock  nothing by mouth entle traction above and below break upport in the most comfortable position ress open fracture before splinting ransport slowly and deliberately on’t miss other less obvious conditions Practical considerations  Uninjured limbs make good splints  Splint - sufficient rigidity - sufficient length  padding  use natural hollows  tie knots on uninjured side or against splints  don’t bind too tightly - impedes circulation - allow for swelling - raise injury if possible aise injury if possible – minimizes bleeding / swelling Uninjured limbs make good splints ie knots on uninjured side or against splints Dislocation Definition – displacement of one or more bones at a displacement of one or more bones at a joint pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 23 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  24. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS Sign and symptoms  pain  fixity of joint  deformity /abnormal appearance of joint  swelling and bruising First Aid Treatment  support in the most comfortable position  refer to medical aid DO NOT attempt to reset the joint May accompany a fracture – if in doubt treat as a fracture FIRST AID KIT Small boat kit  2 - large sterile dressings  2 – triangle bandages  rescue blanket or large polyphone bag  several safety pins Items should be individually wrapped in sealed plastic bags. The whole kit should be housed in a waterproof container Supplement kit by improvisation using boat equipment and diving kit Dive Marshal’s Kit Contents  First aid instructions  6 each, small, medium and large standard dressing  Large pack of assorted adhesive dressing  4 large triangle bandages  50 mm crepe bandage  10 assorted safety pins  3 - 50 mm of roller bandages  Roll of 25 mm zinc oxide plaster  Scissors, tweezers  Pack of sterile cotton wool  Disposable gloves and a rescue blanket / plastic bag  pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 24 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

  25. Student Student Notes Notes FIRST AID FOR DIVERS BSAC SKILL DEVELOPMENT COURSES (SDC’s) www.bsacthailand.com info@bsacthailand.com If you enjoyed this course why not try one of the following courses; available from any of our BSAC Dive Centres -Rescue Manager -Lifesaver Award -Advanced Lifesaver Award Rescue Courses -Oxygen Administrator -First Aid for Divers Technical Diving Courses - Deep Air Diver - Nitrox Diver - Combined Advanced Nitrox - Extended Range Diving - Gas Blender - Compressor Management - Full Face Mask - Equipment Care Seamanship Courses - Powerboat Handling for Divers - Dive site location and Surface Navigation (Chart work and Position Fixing) - Diver Coxswain Award - Outboard Engine Maintenance Other Specialized Courses - Buoyancy Workshop - Digital Underwater Photography - Pro - Videographer - Dive Site Mapping pdfMachine © BSAC Thailand 7/2009 Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Page 25 Is a pdf w riter that produces quality PDF files w ith ease!

More Related