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Natural disasters

Natural disasters. ‘are events that just happen’. General introduction. In the summer of 2010 there were big natural disasters; an extreme heatwave in Russia with forest-fires, heavy monsoonrain in Pakistan, deadly mudstreams in China…

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Natural disasters

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  1. Natural disasters ‘are events that just happen’

  2. General introduction • In the summer of 2010 there were big natural disasters; an extreme heatwave in Russia with forest-fires, heavy monsoonrain in Pakistan, deadly mudstreams in China… • Was this a coincidence or are there just more deadly and heavy disasters the last years?

  3. General introduction • There have been natural disasters for a long time, did you know that: • There died 500 000 people in the netherlands in 100000 by a flooding? • There died 2 million people at a huge flooding in China • There was a major volcanic eruption in Pompeii in 79, where we found back 2500 bodies

  4. Introduction • We have heard a lot about tsunamis in the last few years • A lot of scientists say this happens because there’s more CO2 emission • This is certainly not true, when we take a look at tsunamis in history

  5. Cause of a tsunami Drawing of tectonic plate boundary before earthquake Overriding plate bulges under strain, causing tectonic uplift. Plate slips, causing subsidence and releasing energy into water. The energy released produces tsunami waves.

  6. 365 AD: Alexandria, Eastern Mediterranean 684 AD: Hakuho, Japan 869 AD: Sendai, Japan 887 AD: Ninna Nankai, Japan 6100 BC: Norwegian Sea 1600 BC: Santorini, Greece 426 BC: Malian Gulf, Greece 373 BC: Helike, Greece 79 AD: Gulf of Naples, Italy Tsunamis in history (before 1000 AD)

  7. 1293: Kamakura, Japan 1303: Eastern Mediterranean 1361: Shōhei Nankai, Japan 1498: Meiō Nankai, Japan 1541: Nueva Cadiz, Venezuela 1605: Keichō Nankaido, Japan 1607: Bristol Channel, Great Britain 1698: Seikaido-Nankaido, Japan Tsunamis in history (1000 – 1700)

  8. 1700: Vancouver Island, Canada 1741: W. Hokkaido, Japan 1771: Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan 1792: Mount Unzen, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan 1833: Sumatra, Indonesia 1854: Nankai, Tokai, and Kyushu Japan 1868: Hawaiian Islands 1883: Krakatoa, Sunda Strait, Indonesia Tsunamis in history (1700-1900)

  9. 1908: Messina, Italy 1923: Kanto, Japan 1944: Tonankai, Japan 1946: Nankaidō, Japan 1952: Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, USSR 1976: Moro Gulf, Mindanao, Philippines - 1979: Tumaco, Colombia 1983: Sea of Japan 1993: Okushiri, Hokkaido, Japan Tsnuamis in history 1900 - 2000

  10. Tsunamis in history 2000 - • 2004: Indian Ocean • 2006: South of Java Island • 2007: Niigata, Japan • 2010: Chile • 2011: New Zealand • 2011: Pacific coast of Japan

  11. Solutions • There is no way to prevent tsunamis • Only the influence of tsunamis can be reduced • Warn people so they can escape

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