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Good Morning!!!

Good Morning!!!. NVC John Brown: martyr or fanatic? The Civil War Essential Question #1: Was John Brown a martyr or a “misguided fanatic?” Essential Question #2 : What happened during the U.S. Civil War? Test on Tuesday NEXT WEEK. 9/11.

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Good Morning!!!

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  1. Good Morning!!! • NVC • John Brown: martyr or fanatic? • The Civil War Essential Question #1: Was John Brown a martyr or a “misguided fanatic?” Essential Question #2: What happened during the U.S. Civil War? Test on Tuesday NEXT WEEK

  2. 9/11 “All of a sudden there were people screaming. I saw people jumping out of the building. Their arms were flailing. I stopped taking pictures and started crying.” -Michael Walters, a freelance photojournalist in Manhattan

  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNw0jOhVJ3A • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lKZqqSI9-s

  4. Was John Brown a martyr or a “misguided fanatic”? • Martyr: Someone who willingly suffers on behalf of a belief or cause • Fanatic: a person so obsessed with something they are nearly crazy • Consider: What was going on at the time and what other actions Brown could have taken

  5. The Civil War

  6. The War Begins • Presidential Election of 1860 • Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas • Lincoln wins with >40% of popular vote (all from North) • Abraham Lincoln is a Republican • Republican Party founded in 1854 as the anti-slaveryparty! • Victory leads to Southern calls for SECESSION • “Now that radical Republicans have the power I suppose they will John Brown us all.”—Mary Boykin Chestnut

  7. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

  8. Union Confederacy North vs. South • ~22 million population • President Lincoln • Resources in North: • Factories • Transportation • Navy = $$$ • Offensive War ~9 million (3 million slaves) President Davis More military skill/experience fortified cities Defensive war

  9. Lincoln’s Strategy • Goal #1: PRESERVE THE UNION • “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it.”—Abraham Lincoln • Anaconda Plan • Squeeze the South to death using naval blockades • Not working: South WINNING war

  10. Turning Points • Battle of Antietam • September 1862 Southern general Robert E. Lee INVADES North • Single bloodiest day in U.S. history = 20,000 dead • Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln’s response to Antietam • Return to the Union or I will free your slaves! • January 1863 slaves are “forever free” • Or are they…? • War becomes a moral fight to end slavery

  11. Key Moments • Battle of Gettysburg • July 1863 General Lee again invades North • Battle lasts 3 days and is bloodiest in U.S. history • 50,000 killed • Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: “a new birth of freedom” • Rise of Total War • Northern generals Grant and Sherman • Win at any cost = brutal tactics • Sherman’s March to the Sea: burns Georgia to the ground

  12. War’s End • Surrender at Appomattox • South running out of people and resources • General Grant captures Richmond (capital) in April 1965 • Days later, General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox • Generous terms for the South • Aftermath • North wins, South in ruins • 620,000 dead in total

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