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MRSA and VRE

MRSA and VRE. MRSA. 1974 – MRSA accounted for only ____ of total staph infections 1995 – MRSA accounted for _____ of total staph infections 2004 – MRSA accounted for _____ of total staph infections

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MRSA and VRE

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  1. MRSA and VRE

  2. MRSA • 1974 – MRSA accounted for only ____of total staph infections • 1995 – MRSA accounted for _____of total staph infections • 2004 – MRSA accounted for _____of total staph infections • Now – more than ____of the bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections are resistant to at least one of the drugs most commonly used to treat them.

  3. MRSA • MRSA - Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus • 1. Resistant to most ____________ • 2. Found in health care facilities • a. ______________ • b. long term care facilities • c. other ______________ • 3. Not a threat to a ________________

  4. MRSA Concerns • Difficult to ____________ • Easily spread

  5. MRSA Risk Factors • 1. Surgery • 2. Devices used in invasive procedures • 3. Burn wards or _____________ • 4. Age • 5. Treatment with __________________ • 6. Severe illness or disability • 7. Prolonged or repeated hospital stays • 8. _________________immune system

  6. MRSA Transmission • 1. ________________ between health-care workers and clients. • 2. __________________are the main carriers of MRSA • 3. Colonization vs. Infection • a. Colonization means that the organism is present or in the body, but is not causing illness. • b. Infection means that the organism is present and causing illness. • 4. MRSA is not usually spread __________________

  7. Identifying MRSA Infection • 1. Symptoms: • a. Drainage from a wound • b. ______________________ • c. Elevated ______blood count • 2. Common sites of infection • a. Respiratory tract • b. Surgical wounds • c. Perineum or rectum • d. __________ • e. Urinary tract

  8. MRSA Prevention • 1. Proper ______________________ • a. Before caring for each client • b. After removing gloves • c. Before leaving the client’s room • 2. Follow facility protocol for __________ _________

  9. Community Acquired MRSA • 1. MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not been recently (within the past year) ______________or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery, catheters) are known as CA-MRSA infections. • 2. Staph or MRSA infections in the community are usually manifested as skin infections, such as _________and boils, and occur in otherwise healthy people.

  10. VRE Vancomycin resistant enterococcus

  11. VRE concerns • 1. VRE is _____________________ • 2. VRE can pass on their drug-resistant genes VRE risk factors • 1. Severe illness • 2. Treatment with multiple antibiotics • 3. Abdominal or cardiac surgery • 4. Devices used in ____________________________ • 5. Age • 6. Intensive care unit (ICU) • 7. Prolonged or repeated _____________________ • 8. Compromised immune system

  12. VRE Pathogenesis of VRE • 1. ____________________ • 2. Bacteria transmitted between clients and health-care workers • a. Colonized vs. infected persons Signs of infection • 1. _________________________ • 2. Fever and chills • 3. Elevated white blood count

  13. Healthcare Workers and the Prevention of VRE • 1. Hand-washing helps stop the spread of VRE • a. Wash before caring for a patient • b. After _____________________ • c. Before leaving the patient’s room • 2. Follow facility protocol for standard precautions

  14. MRSA & VRE Activity • I will assign each group either MRSA or VRE • I will assign each group member a number 1-4 • Research wellness strategies for the prevention of the disease • Research through the CDC the latest statistics on the antibiotic resistant organisms and their economic impact • Research ways the disease is treated (answer the following questions) • Are MRSA/VRE patients isolated in the hospitals? • How is MRSE/VRE treated? • Is MRSA/VRE more contagious that other species of staph/infections? • Should healthcare workers be screened for MRSA/VRE? • Can a carrier of MRSA/VRE continue working? • Can nursing facilities refuse clients because of MRSA/VRE • Design a chart of standard precautions for the disease

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