Civil Military Operations (CMO)

Civil Military Operations (CMO) Likely Tasks a CTF Will Perform in the Conduct ofCMO

Purpose • Identify critical civil / military tasks CTF will execute during peace operations • Examine lessons from recent Cobra Gold exercise • Propose measures of effectiveness (MOE) • Determine applicable material for addition to SOP

CMO - Typical Challengesa CTF Faces • Simultaneous vs. sequential operations • Must plan and be prepared to execute CMO in conjunction with traditional (combat) military operations • Common operational picture between military and humanitarians • Vital to overall mission, each possesses unique perspectives and capabilities • CMOC is a coordinating agency (meeting place…) • Tasks for the CTF will result from CMOC meetings • CTF staff representative with tasking authority must attend CMOC meetings and assign responsibility for task accomplishment • A feedback mechanism must exist to complete the task/information loop

CMO - Typical Challengesa CTF Faces • Short term vs. long term solutions • Military should concentrate on assistance of an immediate nature in coordination with the civilian agencies already in the area of operations • International organizations already in the area of operations are better suited for the long term tasks • They will be there long after the military departs • Don’t try to take over the IO / NGOs’ jobs • They generally do their job very well…

CMO - Typical Challengesa CTF Faces • CMO are normally decentralized by nature • CMOCs at both CTF and subordinate headquarters can facilitate mission accomplishment • Will facilitate the common operational picture between the military and the civilian organizations • CMOC internal organization important… • Assignment of responsibilities for all potential tasks • Establishment and maintenance of an informational database • Collaborative capability required • Must be able to communicate with non military elements within the area of operations

Likely CMO Tasks • Lessons from previous exercises and real world missions have identified a number of tasks that commonly occur as part of CMO • Following list of tasks may be of value in the MNF SOP • Associated measures of effectiveness (standards) provide the ability to assess performance and increase learning

Likely CMO Tasks • Maintain civil military operations (CMO) update (C-7/CMOC) • Coordinate plans, operations and policies with foreign nations and civilian agencies in the JOA (C-3/7/CMOC and CMCB) • Coordinate with HN Government agencies (C-7/CMOC/CA teams) • Establish liaison with Country Team (C-7/ CMCB) • Develop joint policies with humanitarians (CMCB) • Recommend tasks/priorities to CTF commander (C-7 and CMOC)

Likely CMO Tasks Cont. • Track humanitarian requests for assistance (RFA) (CMOC) • Establish liaison with foreign elements in JOA (C7/CMOC) • Coordinate the Development and Maintenance of an Information Data Base in Support of CMO (CMOC) • Facilitate emergency support to humanitarian organizations (C-3/CMOC) • Integrate humanitarian air operations in JOA (CFACC) • Coordinate access within the JOA (C-3/CMOC) • Provide LNOs to designated CTF staff elements (C7)

Likely CMO Tasks Cont. • Participate in Information Operations Working Group (C-7) • Develop displaced civilian (DC) control plan (C-5/7) • Develop protected property list (C-7) • Facilitate repatriation / resettlement of DCs (C-7) • Use/maximize Foreign / host nation support resources (C-3/4) • Develop disarmament plan (C-5/7) • Develop reintegration plan (C-5/7)

Assessing Task Performance • How well did the staff perform on a specific task? • Staffs need a way to assess their task output… • Measures of effectiveness (MOE) allow a staff element to grade themselves on the tasks that they perform during training and during real operations • Using MOE as standards also assist staff members better learn their job functions

Task MOE Maintain civil military operations (CMO) update (C-7/CMOC) • CMOC update maintained IAW CTF battle rhythm and applicable SOP • Procedures exist to continuously (daily coordination/posting critical information on CMOC tool) integrate humanitarian operations situation into current update • Following CMOC meetings the CMOC and CTF staff attendees compile all implied tasks, and a staff representative with tasking authority assigns responsibility for all actionable items to include a suspense for completion

MOE Critical Subtasks and Standards • Internal battle rhythm within C-7 is established that includes required coordination among C-7 LNOs on the CTF staff to maintain situational awareness (to facilitate update process) • Battle rhythm also includes coordinating with UN/NGOs via APAN CMOC Tool and scheduled meetings • Humanitarian assistance/disaster relief and civil affairs requirements are identified and continually (daily)updated for the JOA

MOE Coordinate plans, operations and policies with foreign nations and civilian agencies in the JOA (C-3/7/CMOC and CMCB) • Agreed upon coordination procedures (to extent that outside organizations are willing to communicate with the CTF/principal components) are established between CTF and designated nations and civilian organizations (staff OPR, frequency, primary and alternate modes, times, locations, attendees, agenda) • Conduct pre-meeting rehearsals (“what we want to achieve”) and post meeting (“what did we hear”) session • Required information and CTF staff personnel needed for coordination are identified and available respectively and integrated into battle rhythm • Coordinate integration of foreign nation government and US aid agencies

MOE Critical Subtasks/standards • Information maintained on APAN CMOC Tool and is current as within three hours following most recent coordination meeting • Information IAW security guidelines is available to foreign nations and civilian agencies via CMOC Tool (common operational picture for information germane to both civilian agencies and the military within the JOA)

MOE Subtasks continued • Applicable information coordinated with Country Team (C-7 has established liaison with Country Team and identified mutual information requirements). • Determine support requirements of civilian organizations in the JOA. • Identify unique or specialized capabilities for each NGO in the JOA

MOE Coordinate with HN Government agencies (C-7/CMOC/CA teams) • Coordination with HN agencies is integrated into CTF and C-7 battle rhythm at all levels where HN / CTF interaction will occur • Staff integrates TSCP priorities into all COAs (long term Theater engagement strategy) • Links established on CMOC tool to integrate HN coordination. • Plan to integrate HN support produced within one day following initial contact meeting • COAs exist to conduct unprogrammed foreign/HN support

MOE Establish liaison with Country Team* (C-7/ CMCB) • The C-7 staff provides a common operational picture with the Country Team on designated coordination topics • See also Coordinate plans, operations and policies with foreign nations and civilian agencies in the JOA Country Team = Ambassador and staff (a U.S. term)

MOE Develop joint policies with humanitarians (CMCB) • Policies are IAW Country Team, Theater and CTF level guidance • Policies integrate long-term objectives of applicable humanitarian organizations

MOE Recommend tasks/priorities to CTF commander (C-7 and CMOC) • Recommendations based on current CMO update (requires daily staff coordination) • Mechanism in place to facilitate necessary coordination across CTF staff and among applicable non-military organizations prior to making recommendations • Database exists from which to pull CMO related information

MOE Track humanitarian requests for assistance (RFA) (CMOC) • Requests for assistance (RFAs) are identified and integrated into daily update with recommended COAs provided to CTF Current Operations and designated staff/Components • Primary (APAN CMOC Tool) and alternate means (TBD) for tracking RFAs is established • RFAs are deconflicted with USAID 1 and 5 year plans. • C-7 staff LNOs update their designated staff cells daily or at an appropriate interval based on the situation

MOE Critical Subtasks and standards • Identify political, cultural, military and social/economic factors that may influence military assistance to humanitarians for a given project. • Recommend task organizations for designated projects • Provide feedback to humanitarian organizations on plans for task accomplishment (mechanism in place)

MOE Establish liaison with foreign elements in JOA (C7/CMOC) • Responsibilities are assigned within the CTF and Components for establishing initial contact with all foreign elements in JOA • Identify primary and alternate communications modes • Recommend venues and agendas for applicable organizations (APAN CMOC Tool, periodic meeting, etc) • Incorporate designated information in CMOC database (see alsoCoordinate the Development and Maintenance of an Information Database in Support of CMO)

MOE Critical sub tasks and standards • For each foreign entity determine their communications capabilities • Establish primary and alternate means for communicating with each entity if required • Identify key POCs

MOE Coordinate the Development and Maintenance of an Information Database in Support of CMO (CMOC) • Incorporate existing databases if available • Provide widest possible access IAW situation • Incorporate use of APAN CMOC Tool • Identify required information • Coordinate acquisition of data in designated venues with foreign, HN and humanitarian organizations • Database is updated daily or as required

MOE Facilitate emergency support to humanitarian organizations (C3/CMOC) • The CTF staff has established mechanism for responding to humanitarian emergencies • CMOC daily meeting agenda includes forecasting potential emergency requirements (looking out 72-96 hours) • Based on forecasts potential contingencies are coordinated among the CTF staff CMOC meeting attendees • Plan is updated and rehearsed daily or in conjunction with current ongoing significant events that will affect available assets (transportation, HN, security, etc) • COAs are coordinated among the CTF staff and provided to the C-7 • Identify shortfalls that HN, international or non-governmental organizations are unable to meet

MOE Integrate humanitarian air operations in JOA (CFACC) • CMOC establishes liaison with all organizations conducting air operations in JOA • Air operations schedules for next 48 hours are included in CMOC daily meeting agenda • All air operations schedules (non-CTF) are known to CFACC and deconflicted / disseminated • All support to non-CTF air operations is submitted to the Air Board through the CMOC

MOE Coordinate access within the JOA J-3, CMOC • Integrate all know organizations into database i.e. name, capabilities, etc. • Coordinate all organizations’ access requirements into CMOC meetings. • Relevant information is coordinated with CTF Current Operations and or appropriate staff element / component headquarters • Develop staff points of contacts

MOE Provide LNOs to designated CTF staff elements (C7) • LNOs are integrated into staff per the CTF Task Organization and manning documents • LNOs integrated into CMOC meeting agenda

MOE Participate in Information Operations Working Group (C-7) • Input Civil Military themes into the IOWG • C-7 provides input to for possible scenarios to mediate International press • Develop COA’s /react to international media

MOE Develop displaced civilian (DC) control plan (C5/7) • Reporting procedures are standardized • The CMO staff can demonstrate an operational awareness of civilians on the battlefield, to include location, physical condition, direction of movement (or stationary), and likelihood of infiltration • The staff has a plan to leverage (maximize) HN resources and not detract from combat operations when supporting DC operations (minimize military resources for execution) • DC Control Plan is integrated into the overall maneuver plan • All efforts are made to keep civilians from becoming DC unless their safety is jeopardized (put directly in combat areas) – or put at too great a risk to remain in place

MOE • Specific measures are taken to protect civilians from combat operations, civilian casualties mitigated • Plan exists (covered in various COAs resulting from continual update of CMO Estimate) that anticipates potential humanitarian problems in DC camps to keep civilians in the camps stabilized and not adding to the ongoing problem • Any local restriction, e.g., curfews or movement restrictions are disseminated across the staff, specifically C/J2 and MPs are informed • Resource controls are implemented by the HN and reinforced with CTF personnel communicating with key communicators as well as all contact with civilians – checkpoints and routes – and these are collaborated within the CTF • All members of the CTF are aware of the CROE and impact on civilians, • Support to sovereignty of friendly power is reinforced not usurped

MOE Develop protected property list (C-7) • Any damage to identified properties is verified and reported to C/J7 as well as the SJA and PAO • All property sites are shared with fire support personnel, SJA and subordinate elements • If damage is caused by US forces or allies, immediate mitigation efforts are implemented and impact on civilian populations is assessed • Coordination for repairs is initiated and/or if claims against the US Govt. may occur, ensure that the SJA is involved • Collateral damage is minimized • PPL must be realistic and measurable (not just “goose-egg”) and recognizable. Furthermore, this must be disseminated • A criterion for attack of a PPL is established

MOE Facilitate repatriation / resettlement of DCs (C-7) • Establish contact with local officials and key communicators • Coordinate with officials to identify civilians that may be loyal to enemy forces, ensure the SJA and C/J2 are informed • The CMOC is the primary military agency for coordinating this activity • Support rendered by NGO/IO is leveraged to the maximum extent possible • Military reinforces security needs beyond the capability of HN Law Enforcement • Develop a flow based on the schedule provided by HN (at the national or state “type” level) to avoid undue congestion

MOE Use/maximize Foreign and/or Host Nation Support (F/HNS) resources (C3/4/7) • F/HNS resources are used first in lieu of CTF assets • When applicable F/HNS support is integrated in IO Working Group input by C-7 • All HN resources (e.g., trucks/transport) will be used IAW agreed upon parameters (an agenda item at CMOC meetings when applicable) • The CMOC is the primary interface POC • The C4 is the CTF staff lead for this activity • Contracting personnel are used for all contract negotiations

Civil Military Operations (CMO)