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Centre for Lexicography (Centlex) Research into needs adapted data and information access. Access Routes of Internet Finance Dictionaries: Present Solutions and Future Opportunities. Deny A. Kwary. Overview of the Presentation Background of the Study Paper Dictionaries on Computer
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Centre for Lexicography (Centlex)Research into needs adapted data and information access Access Routes of Internet Finance Dictionaries: Present Solutions and Future Opportunities Deny A. Kwary
Overview of the Presentation • Background of the Study • Paper Dictionaries on Computer • Lexicographical Information Costs • True Electronic Dictionaries • Future Opportunities
1. Background of the Study • The fast development of the Internet has not been taken on properly by lexicographers, especially those working with dictionaries of finance. • Poor utilization of search options to help users find what they are looking for. • Access routes to dictionary definitions. • Internet finance dictionaries (IFDs) can be divided into two categories (Prinsloo 2005: 17): • ‘paper dictionaries on computer’ • ‘true electronic dictionaries’.
2. Paper Dictionaries on Computer • www.anz.com/edna/dictionary.asp Word searched: Debenture
2. Paper Dictionaries on Computer (Cont’d) • www.duke.edu/~charvey/ Classes/wpg/glossary.htm
3. Lexicographical Information Costs • Two distinct types of Lexicographical Information Costs (Nielsen 2008: 173-174): • Search-related information costs: ‘The costs (i.e. efforts) related to the look-up acts users have to perform when consulting a dictionary in order to gain the data for which they are searching’ • Comprehension-related information costs: ‘The costs (i.e. efforts) related to the user’s abilityto understand and interpret the data presented in the dictionary’
4. True Electronic Dictionaries • www.financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com debenture
4. True Electronic Dictionaries (Cont’d) • www.investopedia.com/dictionary/default.asp debenture
5. Future Opportunities • Main elements of lexicographical functions (Tarp, 2008: 43): Extra-lexicographical elements: (1) Types of potential user, (2) User situation, and (3) User need. • Example: English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA (Chartered Financial Analysts) candidates • Main lexicographical function: Text reception. • Potential users: Indonesian people who have completed undergraduate programs from a faculty of economics or a school of business and are preparing to take the CFA exams. • User situation: Reading American Financial Textbooks from the CFA Institute. • User need: Help to understand the texts they read.
English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA candidates (1) • Exact match • Contains Insert Symbols µ ² χ α Etc. Equivalent (?)
Hedge (Finance): to protect yourself against the risk of losing money in the future because of changes in the value of shares, currencies, raw materials, etc.
English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA candidates (2) cost of goods sold Insert Symbols Indonesian definition x Text from CFA exam question English definition Indonesian equivalent • Indonesian equivalent • Harga Pokok Penjualan
English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA candidates (2) cost of goods sold Insert Symbols x Indonesian definition x Text from CFA exam question English definition Indonesian equivalent • English definition • Cost of goods sold is an item in the income statement showing the cost during a period of the merchandise or products an enterprise acquires or produces and then sells. The definition is adopted from www.accountingdictionary.dk
English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA candidates (2) cost of goods sold Insert Symbols Indonesian definition x x Text from CFA exam question English definition Indonesian equivalent • Text from CFA exam question • Which principle requires that cost of goods sold be recognized in the same period in which the sale of the related inventory is recorded? • A. Going concern. • B. Certainty. • C. Matching. • D. Economic. • Click HERE to see the correct answer. • Source: CFA 1, Book 3, p. 77, #5. persediaan
English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA candidates (2) cost of goods sold Insert Symbols Indonesian definition x x Text from CFA exam question English definition Indonesian equivalent • Indonesian equivalent • Harga Pokok Penjualan • Text from CFA exam question • Which principle requires that cost of goods sold be recognized in the same period in which the sale of the related inventory is recorded? • A. Going concern. • B. Certainty. • C. Matching. • D. Economic. • Click HERE to see the correct answer. • Source: CFA 1, Book 3, p. 77, #5.
English Dictionary of Finance for Indonesian CFA candidates (2) Insert Symbols Indonesian definition x Text from CFA exam question English definition Indonesian equivalent
Conclusion Considerations on the function and the user group should be taken as the point of departure in any lexicographical work.