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Wood utilization associated with subsistence living

Maintaining and restoring diversity in upland hardwood systems of the Appalachian-Cumberland region. Tara L. Keyser, Research Forester, Southern Research Station – Upland Hardwood Ecology and Management, USDA FS, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville, NC 28806. tkeyser@fs.fed.us.

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Wood utilization associated with subsistence living

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  1. Maintaining and restoring diversity in upland hardwood systems of the Appalachian-Cumberland region Tara L. Keyser, Research Forester, Southern Research Station – Upland Hardwood Ecology and Management, USDA FS, 1577 Brevard Rd., Asheville, NC 28806. tkeyser@fs.fed.us.

  2. Purposeful burning by Native Peoples European settlement - land clearing for pasture & agriculture, continued use of fire Fire suppression Photo: Southern Appalachian brook trout foundation Relatively short time period Domestic grazing Wood utilization associated with subsistence living Land abandonment Source: American Memory online photographic collection, Library of Congress Exploitive logging/wildfires

  3. Fraser fir; balsam fir; red cedar; shortleaf pine; spruce pine; table mountain pine; pitch pine; white pine; Virginia pine; eastern hemlock; Carolina hemlock; boxelder; red maple; striped maple; sugar maple; buckeye; mountain ash; mountain maple; sweet birch; yellow birch; musclewood; pignut hickory; mockernut hickory; bitternut hickory; red hickory; shagbark hickory; catalpa; hackberry; redbud; pawpaw; flowering dogwood; alternate-leaf dogwood; persimmon; beech; white ash; black ash; green ash; sweetgum; honeylocust; American holly; Carolina holly; butternut; black walnut; yellow-poplar; cucumber tree; Fraser magnolia; mulberry; blackgum; ironwood; sourwood; sycamore; black cherry; white oak; scarlet oak; southern red oak; blackjack oak; chinkapin oak; chestnut oak; northern red oak; post oak; black oak; black locust; sassafras; basswood; elm species; fire cherry; silverbell

  4. Why is regenerating ‘desirable’ species problematic?

  5. Current RWU-4157 research • Quantify the effects of disturbance, both natural and silvicultural, across environmental gradients • Develop methods/tools for predicting and controlling changes in the structure and composition of upland hardwood forests • Two primary studies: • Regional Oak Study • Treatments developed for species composition • Femelschlag • Treatments developed for both structure and composition

  6. Regional Oak Study • Testing 3 recommended, but largely untested methods (even-aged) to regenerate mixed-species stands (oaks, in particular) • Repeated prescribed fire • Midstory control prior to regeneration • Harvest – burn • Addresses ecological integrity • ground layer flora; entire suite of tree species; small mammals; bird community; bats; fuels; herptofauna

  7. Femelschlag • Silvicultural system being tested to regenerate mixed-species stands, AND to restore structural diversity • Emulate natural disturbance patterns (Ecological Forestry; Disturbance-based silviculture; Ecosystem management; New Forestry) • Biological legacies are retained • Multi-aged • Vertical & horizontal heterogeneity • Structural and compositional complexity

  8. Questions?

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