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Physiology of Female Reproductive System

Physiology of Female Reproductive System. ผศ.น.สพ.ชัยวัฒน์ จรัสแสง ภาควิชาศัลยศาสตร์และวิทยาการสืบพันธุ์ คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์. Physiology of female reproductive system. Estrus cycle Pregnancy Puberty Heifer Gilt. Ovarian Cycles. Reproductive Hormones.

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Physiology of Female Reproductive System

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  1. Physiology of Female Reproductive System ผศ.น.สพ.ชัยวัฒน์ จรัสแสง ภาควิชาศัลยศาสตร์และวิทยาการสืบพันธุ์ คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์

  2. Physiology of female reproductive system • Estrus cycle • Pregnancy • Puberty • Heifer • Gilt

  3. Ovarian Cycles

  4. Reproductive Hormones Gonadtropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) – Produced by hypothalamus – Stimulates release of LH and FSH Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – Produced by anterior pituitary – Acts on follicles – LH surge causes ovulation Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – Produced by anterior pituitary – Acts on follicles – stimulates follicle growth

  5. Reproductive Hormones Estrogen – Secreted by follicles – Responsible for estrous behavior Progesterone – Secreted by corpus luteum (CL) – CL develops at site of ovulation – Suppresses estrous activity Prostaglandin F2α(PG) – Secreted by uterus – Causes regression of CL

  6. Estrus • Commonly known as “heat” • Period of time when the female is sexually receptive and ovulation is about to occur.

  7. Heat • Standing heat: 8-30 hrs (21 hrs average) • Ovulation occurs 10-14 hrs after estrus ends • Breed 12 hrs after last visual sign of standing heat.

  8. Canine Physiology a) Puberty 1) 6 to 7 months (range 4 to 22) 2) Breed dependent Smaller breeds earlier than larger b) Oestrous cycle 1) Type: mono-estrus Indication of seasonal: Feb to May Cycle randomly throughout year 2) Length between cycles Mean: 7 months (range 4–13)

  9. Canine Physiology 3) Stages Proestrus: 9 days (range 2–27) Physical turgid swelling of vulva and appearance of a bloody discharge Vaginal cytology will change with very early non-cornified epithelial cells increasing towards end of proestrus. Behavior - bitch is restless and secretes pheromones but is aggressively negative towards male becoming more passive towards start of estrus

  10. Canine Physiology Oestrus: 9 days (range 3–21) • Bitch accepts male • Vulva swelling will soften and discharge will be slightly pink to straw-colored. • Vaginal cytology will have a high concentration of cornified epithelial cells with little debris • Discharge is straw colored rather than blood stained

  11. Canine Physiology Metoestrus: 90 days • Non-acceptance of males • Loss of vulva swelling and no discharge. Vaginal cytology is no cornified cells and high numbers of White Blood Cells. Anoestrus: 75 days Period of ovarian inactivity and no vaginal discharge Breed dependent

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