29.4 Victory in Europe and the Pacific

1. 29.4Victory in Europe and the Pacific Objective 1: Summarize how the Allies began to push back Japan in the Pacific. Objective 2: Describe the reasons for the final defeat of the Axis.

3. Dresden

5. Dresden “total war” episode part of unconditional surrender. Necessary? 3 million allies from southwest, 6 million Russians from east. Hitler kills himself 4/30, Berlin falls 5/2. May 8, 1945. V-E Day. Surrender

7. Japanese used harsh tactics and followed bushido code. Bataan, Philippines surrender 80,000 US troops in Feb. after harsh fighting and shortages. Bataan Death March Pacific Tactics and Aftermath

9. Tojo's orders regarding POWs was very clear. Guards, "must supervise their charges rigidly, taking care not to become obsessed with mistaken ideas of humanitarianism or swayed by personal feelings toward prisoners that might grow over a long incarceration." (50) Rarely did top government officials visit any Japanese prison camps. Therefore, the local commanders could do as they wished without reprimand. However, considering the indoctrination of Japanese troops, reprimand was highly unlikely. If the commander wished, he could make anything, even whistling, a crime and inflict any type of punishment, including execution. (51) Prison Camps

10. Prisoners

11. THE PACIFIC CAMPAIGN • Who leads the way? • U.S. Navy (w/ Marines): Adm. Chester W. Nimitz • U.S. Army: Gen. Douglas MacArthur • Strategy: • 2-Pronged Strategy: • Strangle Japanese shipping • Isolate & Eliminate Japanese–held islands • Additional 3rd Element: • Bombing campaign against Japanese mainland

12. Looked to go on offensive after initial victories. Looked to move towards Japan by “island hopping” and cutting supply lines. MacArthur’s Plan

15. Japanese Retreat • MacArthur retakes Philippines (“I have returned”) • Battle of Leyte Gulf last gamble and loss for Japanese. Wiped out Navy. • Army, kamikaze only options left. • Bloody fighting at Iwo Jima (26,000 US v. 22,000 Japanese) • Okinawa (Japan 100,000 v. 50,000 US)

16. “Divine Wind” Used in Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines 424 kamikaze pilots sunk 16 ships, damaged 80 Similar suicidal resistance shown by Japanese army on Iwo Jima, Okinawa Okinawa: 1900 kamikaze attacks sink 30 ships, damage 300, kill 5,000 sailors Kamikaze http://www.rotten.com/library/death/kamikaze/kamikaze.jpg

17. Iwo Jima

22. Tokyo firebombing and others means? Manhattan Project -First successful test in July 1945 at Alamogordo, New Mexico Truman decides to drop bomb for which reason? August 6, Hiroshima=73,000 dead. Aug. 9 Nagasaki, 37,500 dead Surrender to MacArthur Sep. 2. (V-J Day) Atomic Bomb

23. Japanese Surrender

25. DETONATION SEQUENCE

26. NAGASAKI BOMBINGAUGUST 9, 1945

27. Nagasaki Before and After

28. Hiroshima Aftermath