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Sociocultural Perspective

Sociocultural Perspective. Segment 2: Group Behavior and Conflict. Group Identity. Social Identity : The part of a person’s self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation/ethnic group/gender/social affiliation.

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Sociocultural Perspective

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  1. Sociocultural Perspective Segment 2: Group Behavior and Conflict

  2. Group Identity Social Identity: The part of a person’s self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation/ethnic group/gender/social affiliation. Ethnic identity: A person’s identification with a racial/religious/ethnic group. Acculturation: Members of minority groups come to identify with/feel part of the mainstream culture. Ethnocentrism: Belief that one’s own ethnic group/nation/religion is superior. Stereotype: Person believes that all members of the group share a common trait/traits. (Can be good, bad, or neutral)

  3. Conformity Researcher: Solomon Asch(1952) Line Study Confederate (n=6) and Participant (n=1) Three lines: Which one is the same length? Overall, subjects conformed on about 35% of the trials 2 factors influence the likelihood a person will conform- Characteristics of the situation/Characteristics of the individual

  4. Asch’s Findings • Size of the group: • Likelihood of conformity increases until 4 confederates are present. • Degree of unanimity: • Just one “ally” eases the pressure to conform. • Nature of task: • When task is difficult, poorly defined, or ambiguous--higher conformity. Likelihood to conform increases when one: • Is attracted to the group. • Expects future interaction with the group. • Has low status in the group. • Does not feel completely accepted.

  5. Compliance • Foot-in-the-door effect • Once people have granted a small request, they are more likely to comply with a larger request. • Lowball procedure • First, one must be induced to agree to do something. • Then, the cost of compliance is raised. • Door-in-the-face effect • A person initially refuses to grant a large request, but agrees to grant a smaller second request.

  6. Groupthink In close-knit groups, the tendency for all members to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement. Symptoms of groupthink: Illusion of invulnerability Self-censorship (Dissenters keep quite) Pressure on dissenters to conform Illusion of unanimity (consensus) Examples: Challenger John F. Kennedy (Approved a plan to invade Cuba in the Bay of Pigs)

  7. Crowd Behavior Diffusion of Responsibility: The tendency of members to avoid taking action because they assume that others will Bystander Effect: Kitty Genovese: Stabbed to death while dozens of her neighbors listened and watched without calling for help. Deindividuation: The loss of awareness of one’s own individuality. This can increase aggression, and violent behavior.

  8. Disobedience Factors that increase your likelihood of dissenting: Perceive the need for intervention or help. Situation increases the likelihood that you will take responsibility. Cost-benefit ratio supports your decision to get involved. You have an ally. You become entrapped. (Once begun you increase your commitment)

  9. How does Prejudice start? Jane Elliott (Educator and anti-racism activist) Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. () Exercise exploring the nature of racism/prejudice. Brown Eye-Blue Eye Experiment Eye of the Storm A Class Divided

  10. Reducing Conflict I. Both sides must have: Equal legal status Economic opportunities Power II. Community must endorse egalitarian norms provide moral support and legitimacy for both sides: Both sides must have opportunities to work and socialize together. Both sides must cooperate, working together for a common goal. Robber’s Cave Experiment(MuzaferSherif) Boy Scout Camp Study Food Fight in the cafeteria Fixed the conflict- Bus stuck/truck won’t start Afterward they were friends again

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