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New Core Curriculum

New Core Curriculum. week 3, class-2. Foundations of Scientific Process. Visible Objects in the Universe. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Hubble Space Telescope 2.4m optical telescope resides in orbit of Earth. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field. What objects do we see here?.

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New Core Curriculum

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  1. New Core Curriculum week 3, class-2 Foundations of Scientific Process Visible Objects in the Universe

  2. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field

  3. Hubble Space Telescope 2.4m optical telescope resides in orbit of Earth

  4. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field What objects do we see here?

  5. Objects in a Visible Universe The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in/during which all events occur. • Planets: an object that orbits a star, is large enough to have settled into a round shape and dominates its orbital zone;

  6. What is a Planet? Conventional (past) definition: Planet is a body that orbits a star, shines by reflecting the star’s light and is larger than an asteroid. What observation ignited the debate about the definition of a planet? • Observation of the vast population of objects in the vicinity of Pluto (Kuiper Belt Objects = KBO); • In particular, KBO Eris is larger than Pluto; • If Pluto is a planet, not only Eris but also dozen of other KBO objects will need to be considered a planet.

  7. Dynamical effect presents a feature of clear distinction between planets and other bodies Key Feature: Planet is a body massive enough to dominate its orbital zone by a) flinging smaller bodies away , b) sweeping them up in direct collisions, or c) holding them in stable orbits Another way of stating the definition: a body in the solar system that is more massive than the total mass of all of the other bodies in a similar orbit. Proxy is µ= M(planet)/M(objects)

  8. Earth is a pretty big rocky planet....

  9. but not very big as planets go...

  10. Objects in a Visible Universe The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in/during which all events occur. • Planets: an object that orbits a star, is large enough to have settled into a round shape and dominates its orbital zone; • Stars: massive gaseous body in outer space, just like the Sun. Unlike a planet, a star generates energy through nuclear fusion and emits visible light;

  11. Stars are in a dynamic balance between gravity and pressure

  12. stars are point sources cross-like spikes in image (diffraction spikes) caused by strong + concentrated light A sample of stars stars ~ 109m

  13. Super Nova: explosion of the star One of the most energetic explosive events known is a supernova. These occur at the end of a star's lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy.

  14. and tiny compared to ordinary stars,

  15. even smaller when compared to giant stars,

  16. and invisible compared to supergiants

  17. Objects in a Visible Universe The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in/during which all events occur. planets ~ 107m • Planets: large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light; Planet sizes are to scale, but distance is not http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q

  18. Objects in a Visible Universe The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in/during which all events occur. • Planets: an object that orbits a star, is large enough to have settled into a round shape and dominates its orbital zone; • Stars: massive gaseous body in outer space, just like the Sun. Unlike a planet, a star generates energy through nuclear fusion and therefore emits light; http://janus.astro.umd.edu/SolarSystems/

  19. Objects in a Visible Universe The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in/during which all events occur. • Planets: an object that orbits a star, is large enough to have settled into a round shape and dominates its orbital zone; • Stars: massive gaseous body in outer space, just like the Sun. Unlike a planet, a star generates energy through nuclear fusion and therefore emits light; • Galaxies: a large aggregate of stars (as well as other materials such as gas, dust, and dark matter), held in association by their mutual gravity, and relatively isolated from other such aggregates. Usually grouped into three main types: Spiral, Elliptical, and Irregular. http://janus.astro.umd.edu/SolarSystems/ http://www.seasky.org/celestial-objects/stars.html

  20. A sample of galaxies galaxies ~ 1021m Spiral galaxy like our galaxy the Milky Way....

  21. A sample of galaxies Andromeda speeding toward us at 500,000 km/sec! will arrive in 4 billion years!

  22. A sample of galaxies Elliptical galaxy Irregular galaxy

  23. Group Activity we are here our cosmic address

  24. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Describe what you see. What are some of the interesting features?

  25. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Look at the objects Think about the time it took for “info” to arrive Think about their colors; What can you tell about their temperature?

  26. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Look at the objects Think about the time it took for “info” to arrive Think about their colors; What can you tell about their temperature?

  27. Which way did the Hubble Space Telescope point when taking the Hubble Ultra Deep Field?

  28. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Estimate how many galaxies are in this image.

  29. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field How many galaxies are there in the visible Universe? How can we use this image to figure out the number of galaxies in the Universe?

  30. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field Assuming there are 100 billion galaxies in the visible universe, what fraction of the sky is covered by the HUDF image?

  31. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field How many planets are there in the visible Universe?

  32. Is this really the only planet in the only solar system in the only galaxy that’s comfortable for life? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJXSSYyIVqw&feature=related

  33. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field How do you read time in this image?

  34. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field 13.7 billion years in one image

  35. Objects in a Visible Universe • Planets • Stars • Galaxies only ~ 4% ordinary matter ! We are still in mostly “in the dark”… What evidence do we have for dark matter? What evidence do we have for dark energy? present at ~ 23 % present at ~ 73 %

  36. STUDENTS: NEXT WEEK PLEASE BRING LAPTOPS (1 OR 2 PER GROUP) & PRIOR TO COMING TO CLASS, UPLOAD THE FOLLOWING WEBSITE INTO THE “CASH” MEMORY http://burro.cwru.edu/JavaLab/GalCrashWeb/main.html

  37. Light (Electromagnetic Radiation) & Its Nature • Key Concepts for Week-3, Class-2: • (what You need to know, as You will be tested on this material): • Definitions: Planets • Stars • Galaxies • nuclear fusion reactions within stars

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