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Mine Warfare

Mine Warfare. Mine Warfare. Different than other weapons systems Target comes to the weapon Weapons system activated (planted) without a specific target detected. Don’t have to be there for it to work. Can be crude and still be VERY effective Requires advanced planning.

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Mine Warfare

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  1. Mine Warfare

  2. Mine Warfare • Different than other weapons systems • Target comes to the weapon • Weapons system activated (planted) • without a specific target detected. • Don’t have to be there for it to work. • Can be crude and still be VERY effective • Requires advanced planning

  3. History of Mine Warfare • Revolutionary War • Powder keg covered in tar which hung from a float ~1776 • Civil War • Large scale mining of land and sea • World War II • 23,000 mines laid sinking or damaging 1,075 Japanese ships • Vietnam War • Extensive mining of inland waterways

  4. History • U.S. has considerably reduced the use of mines since the end of the Cold War • Operation Desert Storm • Need for a rapid clearing of shallow water minefields

  5. U.S. vs. MINES What It Takes To Go”Anytime, Anywhere” by Rear Adm. Horne, Proceedings, Jan 1998

  6. USS Tripoli (LPH-10)

  7. USS Princeton (CG 59)

  8. “Bad Day at Sea”

  9. USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG 58)

  10. USS Samuel B. Roberts

  11. Not just ships……

  12. The Mission Of Mine Warfare • Detect and Avoid or Eliminate mine threat (Mine Countermeasures (MCM)) • “Mining is also a force multiplier in today’s and tomorrow’s conflict scenarios....” - Force 2001

  13. Classification of Mines • By method of delivery • Air-delivered mines • Surface-delivered mines • Submarine-delivered mines • By position in the water after delivery • Moored mines • Bottom mines • Drifting mines

  14. Classification of Mines • By method of activation • Contact Mines • Influence Mines • Magnetic • Acoustic • Pressure • Combination

  15. Typical Moored Mine Arming Device Magnetometer Anchor Explosive Section Firing System Components Mechanism Section

  16. Typical Bottom Mine Tail Fin Nose Fairing Search Coil Arming Device Release Mechanism Parachute Pack Explosive Charge Firing System Components Spoiler

  17. MK – 56 MK – 60 CAPTOR MK 62/63 Quickstrike Mk – 67 SLMM U.S. Mines

  18. Oldest ASW Mine still in use Moored mine Designed for use against high speed and deep-operating subs MK–56 – aircraft delivered MK–57 – submarine delivered MK – 56/57

  19. Navy’s only deep water mine Moored Releases a torpedo MK-60

  20. Shallow water Air launched Variable TDD (Target detection device) Magnetic/seismic Emerging Threats MK – 62/63

  21. Sub Launched “Clandestine Mine” Shallow water Bottom mine Subs/surface ships MK - 67

  22. Improved SLMM

  23. Minefield Planning Objectives Environmental Consideration Geographic location Water depth Currents Bottom type and slope Prevailing sea state Type of Minefield Offensive Defensive Protective What type of Mine do I use?

  24. Delivering the Mines Delivery Considerations Type of Minefield How many mines needed Is the area defended What type of mines needed How accurate the placement Platforms Available Aircraft (P-3 & S-3) Surface ships Submarine (Attack) How Do I Plant the Mines?

  25. Mine Counter Measures • Why? • Critical to control battlespace • Includes • Locate • Neutralize • ID areas without mines • Goal • Avoid or neutralize the threat • Passive • Active

  26. Mine Countermeasures (MCM) • Self-Protection • Silencing – acoustic mines • Degaussing - magnetic mines • Steaming slowly – pressure mines • Clearing/Removing Mines • Mine sweeping – neutralize large area • Cut cables then activate to destroy (moored mines) • Use acoustic/magnetic noisemakers to activate • Mine hunting – search and neutralize individual mines • Search area for objects that look like mines • Use sonar then investigate every possible target.

  27. Mine sweepers • MCM- Avenger Class • Fiberglass-wood construction • Wood covered in glass reinforced sheathing

  28. Mine Hunter • MHC- Osprey Class • Coastal Mine hunter • Glass Reinforced Plastic construction (mono-hull)

  29. Mine sweepers • MH-53E Sea Stallion • drags sled • clears magnetic and acoustic mines

  30. Mine Hunting Techniques • VHF Active Sonar • EOD • UUV

  31. Navy Seals & Sea Lions

  32. Navy Whales & Dolphins

  33. Built in Mine Hunter What It Takes To Go”Anytime, Anywhere” by Rear Adm. Horne, Proceedings, Jan 1998

  34. Questions???

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