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Polar regions

Polar regions. Two R egions. Arctic Circle About 66 N of equator Ocean surrounded by land Regions of North America, Greenland, Iceland, Siberia, N. Europe Marine ice Also has larger diversity of flora and fauna d/t unique geography. Antarctica 66 S of equator

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Polar regions

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  1. Polar regions

  2. Two Regions Arctic Circle • About 66 N of equator • Ocean surrounded by land • Regions of North America, Greenland, Iceland, Siberia, N. Europe • Marine ice • Also has larger diversity of flora and fauna d/t unique geography Antarctica • 66 S of equator • Composed only of antarctica continent entirely surrounded by the Southern ocean • Has both marine and land ice • Also has more diverse fauna than expected for such a harsh environment

  3. Arctic Circle

  4. Antarctica

  5. Arctic Circle Marine environment loss of sea ice • Albedo effect (positive feedback on warming) • Thermohalinecirculation (increasing freshwater into ocean) • Polar amplification Terrestrial environment Permafrost • Melting causes sea level rise • Co2, CH4 release (Positive feedback)

  6. Arctic permafrost • Layer of permanently frozen soil, sediment, or rock (sometimes underneath an active layer)

  7. Arctic Marine diversityand food web

  8. Arctic Ponds and Lakes • Rests on permafrost • Disappearance or significant by ~11% over past 25 years • http://post.queensu.ca/~pearl/CapeHerschelpics.htm • Causes of disappearance

  9. Antarctica

  10. Antarctica • Large continent twice size of Australia • 98% of it is frozen • Divided by Transantarctic Mountains • Ecological diversityunder threat

  11. Antarctic Biodiversity • Isolated continent (geography and temperature) • Regional variations (Western, Southern Peninsula, Eastern)with highest diversity in the North • Examples

  12. Notothenioid fishes http://www.fishbase.org

  13. Other species

  14. Effects of temperature • Stenothermal • Direct effects versus indirect effects

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