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What is Instrumentation?

What is Instrumentation?. Seth Price Department of Chemical Engineering New Mexico Tech Rev. 8 /18/14. Simple Instrumentation. Collecting data for analysis Manual measurements Not used to control a process.

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What is Instrumentation?

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  1. What is Instrumentation? Seth Price Department of Chemical Engineering New Mexico Tech Rev. 8/18/14

  2. Simple Instrumentation • Collecting data for analysis • Manual measurements • Not used to control a process http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hVVw6rZDBn4/ToFRnKN2sxI/AAAAAAAAATU/1ZfrvzQeUEQ/s1600/thermometer.jpg

  3. More Advanced Methods • Log data automatically • Sample faster, more accurately • Computerized sampling http://digital.natinst.com/public.nsf/$CXIV/ATTACH-AEEE-78KKB8/$FILE/Open%20Circuit.bmp

  4. Simple Control Loop • Sample temperature • Turn knob • Repeat http://i-cdn.apartmenttherapy.com/uimages/re-nest/3-13-2008shower.jpg

  5. Advanced Control Loop • Tighter, faster control • More critical processes • Senior year class http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Change_with_Kd.png/320px-Change_with_Kd.png http://www.aboutplcs.com/directlogic/images/dl205_app_pid.jpg

  6. Back to the Shower Example…. • Sampling Rate: • How often you test the water • Dynamic Range: • What temperatures you can feel • System Response: • How long it takes for a change at the knob takes to change the water temp http://epicthings.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/LED-temperature-shower-head.jpg

  7. Back to the Shower Example… • Linearity: • Does the response change correspond linearly to the control change? • Error: • Are your hands numb from playing in snow? • Disturbance: • Someone flushes a toilet, runs a sink etc., temperature changes

  8. So What? • Monitor physical voltage or current (indicator) • Output a voltage or current (control) www.futurlec.com

  9. Besides Voltage: • Voltage In: • Temperature • Pressure • Humidity • Detection of light • Etc. • Voltage Out: • Warning Lights • Motors • Voltage controlled switches • Etc. www.auberins.com http://www.globalspec.com

  10. ….and • Sensors plus software logic = automated control loop! • Improve system with iterative process • Example Control Loop: • Read temperature • If temp > threshold, turn on a pump • Repeat steps until user stops process

  11. Which Looks Like….

  12. A Closer Look…

  13. Improving the System • The pump will burn up if there is no flow • Detect flow rate by using two pressure and an orifice plate • If flow is too low, turn off pump and send warning to operator

  14. …which looks like

  15. Put many of these together… http://www.snboiler.com/uploads/images/201209/18/CFB_boilers_(1).jpg

  16. …Integrating the system http://embeddedsystemnews.com/images/embedded/2009/08/common-wireless-sensor-networkarchitecture.jpg

  17. …fully integrated control system http://www.jenriks.de/jenriks/wp-content/photos/jh1065_power_plant.jpg

  18. …but it all starts here

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