How are anglerfish bioluminescent? By, Nikhil Kasaghatta

1. How are anglerfish bioluminescent? By, Nikhil Kasaghatta

2. Different Kinds of Anglerfish • Common Black Devil • Frogfishes • Monkfish • Soft Left vent Anglerfish • Bearded Anglerfish

3. The Common Black Devil • The Common Black Devil, also known as Melanocetus Johnsoni is a deep sea version of the anglerfish that lives in the Bathypelagic zone. It is very dark and there’s no point of having a lure that your prey can’t see. So to fix that, it’s lure is bioluminescent! See how it is lit up.

4. The Frogfish Family Giant Frogfish Scientific Name: Antennarius Commerson. Larger than all kinds of frogfish. Warty Frogfish Scientific Name:  Antennarius Maculatus. Has warts on its skin. Longlure Frogfish Scientific Name: Antennarius multiocellatus. Has a lure.

5. The Monkfish • The monkfish looks like algae and moss, and it is very well camouflaged into the sea floor. Its Scientific name is: Lophius Americanus

6. The Left Vent Anglerfish Adult leftvents have been caught from both mesopalegic and benthopelagic depths. Both male and females do not have pelvic and pectoral fins. As you can see, they are translucent. Most of the leftvent population is in the southeast coast of Australia, New Zealand, and Wales. But few have been spotted in the southwest coast of Australia.

7. The Bearded Anglerfish The bearded anglerfish has a “hairy” appendage, or lure. It also has an extra skin growth under the chin that looks like a beard. However, only females have a beard and an appendage.

8. Where Do Anglerfish Live? Anglerfish are well known all around the world, but they are most common off the coasts of Japan and Europe. The leftvent lives in Australia, though. The monkfish’s name itself says Lophius Americanus, and Americanus says that it lives off the coast of North & South America.

9. How Anglerfish are Bioluminescent? The bioluminescence from an anglerfish’s lure comes from a chemical reaction when an enzyme mixes with a pigment in the appendage. Bioluminescence is a form of chemiluminescence, when two or more objects react and the evolution of light has occurred. Bioluminescence is not as hot as a regular light bulb. More in depth, when a luciferin is exposed to oxygen, it lights up, and the luciferase speeds up the reaction.

10. The Anglerfish’s Eating Habits The appendage Anglerfish have a fleshy appendage that looks like a worm to fish. As it wiggles the appendage around, it looks like a struggling worm. The fish nearby see it and close in. Since the anglerfish is hidden, it can ambush the fish and devour it in milliseconds.

11. Glossary

12. 2nd Glossary

13. 1st Bibliography • A : 11/27/13 • www.seasky.org/deep-sea/anglerfish.html • B: 11/29/13 • www.gwinnett.k12.ga.us/CooperES/Teacher_websites/Watson_web/fifth_tuesday_marine_biology_site/jared.html • C: 11/29/13 • www.wiki.answers.co m/Q/what_is_external_anatomy_of_a_anglerfish • D: 11/29/13 • www.greenbuzzz.net/environment/creepy-and-parasitic-species-of-anglerfish.html • E: 11/29/13 • www.animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/anglerfish.html

14. 2nd Bibliography • F: 11/29/13 • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence.html • G: 11/29/13 • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophius_piscatorius.html • H: 11/29/13 • ftp://fto.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/yft161e/y4161e30.pdf • I: 11/29/13 • www.science.howstuffworks.com/zoology/all-about-animals/Bioluminescence.html • J: 11/30/13 • Dive!: A BOOK ABOUT DEEP-SEA CREATURES By: Melvin Berger

15. 3rd Bibliography • K: 12/3/13 • Weird Wonders of the Deep: Anglerfish By: Valerie J. Weber