Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic oflife? A. The use of energy. Growth and development. The ability to reproduce. D. The ability to remain constant from one generation to the next.

2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life? A. The use of energy. • Growth and development. • The ability to reproduce. • The ability to remain constant from one generation to the next. Explanation: Populations evolve from one generation to the next, changing over time.

3. Which of the following is an example of a population evolving? • A child born with Down Syndrome. • Asexual reproduction in the sea anemone. • Corn plants becoming resistant to a virus over several generations. • All of the above.

4. Which of the following is an example of a population evolving? • A child born with Down Syndrome. • Asexual reproduction in the sea anemone. • Corn plants becoming resistant to a virus over several generations. • All of the above. Explanation: Evolution occurs when a population of organisms changes over time.

5. Proteins are • three-dimensional molecules. • folded strings of molecules. • made of amino acids. • all of the above.

6. Proteins are • three-dimensional molecules. • folded strings of molecules. • made of amino acids. • all of the above. Explanation: Proteins are folded strings of organic molecules called amino acids. The molecules combine and fold to form three-dimensional structures.

7. Which type of macromolecule stores energy most efficiently? A. lipids. • carbohydrates. • proteins. • nucleic acids.

8. Which type of macromolecule stores energy most efficiently? A. lipids • carbohydrates • proteins • nucleic acids Explanation: One gram of lipid—fat or oil—contains much more energy than a gram of carbohydrate or a gram of protein. Nucleic acids do not function in energy storage.

9. Eukaryotic cells • were the first type of cell on Earth. • are the type of cells found in bacteria. • contain their DNA in a nucleus. • have a single circular chromosome.

10. Eukaryotic cells: • were the first type of cell on Earth. • are the type of cellsfound in bacteria. • contain their DNA in a nucleus. • have a single circular chromosome. Explanation: Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in a nucleus. All of the other characteristics listed apply to prokaryotic cells.

11. Which type of microscope creates a three-dimensional image of the surface of a specimen? • Transmission electron microscope. • Scanning electron microscope. • Light microscope. • All of the above.

12. Which type of microscope creates a three-dimensional image of the surface of a specimen? • Transmission electronmicroscope. • Scanning electron microscope. • Light microscope. • All of the above. Explanation: The scanning electron microscope creates an image of the surface of a specimen. Transmission electron microscopes image thin sections. Light microscopes do not illuminate specimens in three dimensions.

13. What is the name of the part of the eukaryotic cell that is outside the nucleus? • The cytoplasm. • The Golgi apparatus. • The cell membrane. • The mitochondria.

14. What is the name of the part of the eukaryotic cell that is outside the nucleus? • The cytoplasm. • The Golgi apparatus. • The cell membrane. • The mitochondria.

15. The cell membrane is • a fluid mosaic. • made up of a double phospholipid layer and other components. • the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell. • all of the above.

16. The cell membrane is • a fluid mosaic. • made up of a double phospholipid layer and other components. • the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell. • all of the above.

17. Which of the following terms describes the movement of oxygen from red blood cells into other cells in the body? • Osmosis. • Endocytosis. • Diffusion. • Facilitated diffusion.

18. Which of the following terms describes the movement of oxygen from red blood cells into other cells in the body? • Osmosis. • Endocytosis. • Diffusion. • Facilitated diffusion. Explanation: Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to move from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration. Thus, oxygen diffuses out of red blood cells, into the fluid surrounding our other cells, and then into the cells themselves, where the concentration of oxygen is lower.

19. When energy is required to transport materials against a concentration gradient, it is called • active transport. • facilitated diffusion. • passive transport. • active diffusion.

20. When energy is required to transport materials against a concentration gradient, it is called • active transport. • facilitated diffusion. • passive transport. • active diffusion.

21. What sets off a series of chemical reactions that result in the target cell’s response to a message? A. The opening of gap junctions. B. The binding of the message molecule to the receptor. C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell wall.

22. What sets off a series of chemical reactions that result in the target cell’s response to a message? A. The opening of gap junctions. B. The binding of the message molecule to the receptor. C. A portion of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. D. Diffusion of material through the cell wall. Explanation: When a message molecule reaches the specific receptor protein it can bind to, it sets off a series of chemical reactions that ultimately lead to the cell responding to the message.

23. What is the purpose of mitosis? • To create sperm and egg cells for sexual reproduction. • To create duplicate daughter cells containing the same genetic information as the parent cell. • To prevent uncontrolled cell division that could lead to cancer. • All of the above .

24. What is the purpose of mitosis? • To create sperm and egg cells for sexual reproduction. • To create duplicate daughter cells containing the same genetic information as the parent cell. • To prevent uncontrolled cell division that could lead to cancer. • All of the above.

25. The basic energy molecule of the cell is • ATP. • glucose. • ADP. • oxygen.

26. The basic energy molecule of the cell is • ATP. • glucose. • ADP. • oxygen.

27. Enzymes A. allow reactions to happen more quickly. B. raise the activation energy of reactions. C. must be replenished by cells as they are used up in reactions. D. Both A and B.

28. Enzymes A. allow reactions to happen more quickly. B. raise the activation energy of reactions. C. must be replenished by cells as they are used up in reactions. D. Both A and B. Explanation: Enzymes, which lower the activation energy of a reaction, are not altered or destroyed in the reaction they catalyze and so do not have to be replaced by the cell.

29. Which type of inhibition is illustrated by the action of cyanide on the human body? • Competitive. • Noncompetitive. • Controlled. • Uncontrolled.

30. Which type of inhibition is illustrated by the action of cyanide on the human body? • Competitive. • Noncompetitive. • Controlled. • Uncontrolled. Explanation: Competitive inhibition is the process by which an inhibitor such as cyanide binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing it from binding its substrate.

31. The sodium-potassium pump • helps regulate water flow in and out of the cell. • contributes to the process of neurons firing. • uses more than a third of all the ATP consumed by animals. • all of the above.

32. The sodium-potassium pump • helps regulate water flow in and out of the cell. • contributes to the process of neurons firing. • uses more than a third of all the ATP consumed by animals. • all of the above.

33. What happens in the chlorophyll molecule of a plant? A. Chlorophyll harvests energy from the electron transport chain. B. When chlorophyll loses an electron, it grabs an electron from water, forming free oxygen. C. Molecules of G3P are combined to make one molecule of glucose. D. Chlorophyll captures electrons from sunlight and uses them to turn oxygen into water.

34. What happens in the chlorophyll molecule of a plant? A. Chlorophyll harvests energy from the electron transport chain. B. When chlorophyll loses an electron, it grabs an electron from water, forming free oxygen. C. Molecules of G3P are combined to make one molecule of glucose. D. Chlorophyll captures electrons from sunlight and uses them to turn oxygen into water. Explanation: Chlorophyll is crucial to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Sunlight strikes the chlorophyll molecule, knocking out an electron, which forces chlorophyll to grab an electron from water.

35. The three stages of cellular respiration, in order of their occurrence, are • Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain. • electron transport chain, glycolysis, Krebs cycle. • Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis. • glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain.

36. The three stages of cellular respiration, in order of their occurrence, are • Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain. • electron transport chain, glycolysis, Krebs cycle. • Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis. • glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain.

37. Which stage of cellular respiration does NOT occur in the mitochondria? • Krebs cycle. • Glycolysis. • Electron transport chain. • None of the above.

38. Which stage of cellular respiration does NOT occur in the mitochondria? • Krebs cycle. • Glycolysis. • Electron transport chain. • None of the above.

39. Cells that produce a lot of telomerase are • able to divide indefinitely. • always cancer cells. • always sperm or egg cells. • Both A and B.

40. Cells that produce a lot of telomerase are • able to divide indefinitely. • always cancer cells. • always sperm or egg cells. • Both A and B. Explanation: Some cells that produce a lot of telomerase are cancer cells; others may be the cells that give rise to sperm or egg cells. All can divide indefinitely.