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Chapter 6, Language

Chapter 6, Language. Chapter Outline. The Nature of Language Language Acquisition Among Children The Structure of Language Language and Culture U.S. Example of Cultural Emphasis Linguistic Style Sociolinguistics Nonverbal Communication. The Nature of Language.

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Chapter 6, Language

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  1. Chapter 6, Language

  2. Chapter Outline • The Nature of Language • Language Acquisition Among Children • The Structure of Language • Language and Culture • U.S. Example of Cultural Emphasis • Linguistic Style • Sociolinguistics • Nonverbal Communication

  3. The Nature of Language • Language is found in all cultures of the world. • A symbolic system of sounds that, when put together according to a set of rules, conveys meaning. • The meanings attached to any given word in all languages are totally arbitrary.

  4. Diversity of Language • Linguists estimate that there are as many as 6,000 discrete languages. • 95% of the world’s people speak fewer than 100 of the approximately 6,000 different languages. • Mandarin accounts for about 1 in every 5 people on earth. • English, Hindi, Spanish, and Russian, accounts for about 45%.

  5. Major Languages of the World

  6. Major Languages of the World

  7. Characteristics of Human Communication Systems • Capable of sending an infinite number of messages. • The only animals that can speak of events from the past or that might happen in the future. • Language is transmitted largely through tradition rather than experience alone.

  8. Structure of Human Languages • Phonological structure comprises rules of how sounds are combined to convey meanings. • Each language has its own grammatical structure with principles governing: • How morphemes are formed into words (morphology). • How words are arranged into phrases and sentences (syntax).

  9. Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis • Language influences perception. • Language, establishes mental categories that affect the ways people conceptualize the real world.

  10. Colloquialisms From Baseball • She threw me a curve. • You’re way off base. • You’re batting 1,000 (500, zero) so far. • I want to touch all the bases. • He went to bat for me. • He has two strikes against him. • That’s way out in left field. • He drives me up the wall.

  11. Examples of Diglossia

  12. Nonverbal Communication • Most messages are sent and received without words: • Facial expressions • Gestures • Eye contact • Touching • Posture

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