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Pruning

Pruning. Original by Linda Rist Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office July, 2002. Terms. pruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants fruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig. Terms.

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Pruning

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  1. Pruning Original by Linda Rist Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office July, 2002

  2. Terms • pruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants • fruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig

  3. Terms • translocation - movement of water and soluble minerals from one part of the plant to another

  4. Terms • inhibit - prohibit or slow action • hormones - chemical compounds produced by plant. Regulate plant functions

  5. Terms • twig - very small branch of a tree • cane - stem of various fruits. Ex: raspberry

  6. Terms • shoot - small outgrowth on a bush

  7. Facts • generally has no specific season • continuous process • serves a purpose for the plant

  8. Facts • enhances ornamental value • generally prune with natural form of the plant, not against it

  9. Purposes • remove diseased, dead, or damaged limbs • restrict or promote growth • develop certain forms of growth

  10. Methods of pruning • root • shoot or stem

  11. Stem pruning • reduces amount of growth • influences vegetative reproductive balance of the plant • reduces plant size, yield, and total amount of growth

  12. Stem pruning • Increases supply of essential elements to the points of growth that remain

  13. Stem pruning • promotes the making of cells and the utilization of carbohydrates • stimulates vegetative phase, retards reproductive phase

  14. Root pruning • affects total amount of growth made • reduces amount of available essential elements - causes dwarfing

  15. Root pruning • influences vegetative reproductive balance of plant • promotes root growth

  16. Root pruning • favors reproduction, retards vegetative phase • used to prepare plants for transplanting

  17. Top Pruning • heading back • thinning out

  18. Heading back • terminal - top portion is removed • stimulates development of more points of growth

  19. Heading back • induces compact, dense, or branched type of growth • removes hormones that inhibit branching

  20. Thinning out • entire twig, cane, or shoot is removed • does not prevent development of lateral buds • induces open type of growth

  21. General rules • use correct tools for the job • prune back to existing bud or to a side branch • never leave a stub!!!!!!!!!!

  22. General rules • cut larger limbs in three steps • draw the illustration on the board silly teacher! :)

  23. General Rules • pruning in summer results in greater dwarfing than pruning in late winter months

  24. General Rules • buy and plant trees and shrubs that have the characteristics and shape that you want

  25. Pruning tools • thumb and forefinger • pinch off shoots • pinch off unwanted buds, long stems, and fruit spurs • snap off faded blooms or seed pods

  26. Edgers • enable user to stand and cut the edges of lawns • also used on ground covers

  27. Grass Shear • used to cut grass around sidewalks, driveways and planting beds

  28. Lopping Shears • use when added leverage is needed • used for reaching into trees • small branches or twigs

  29. Pruning Shears • many types

  30. Hedge Shears • hand operated • electric or gas powered

  31. Pruning Saws • cut quickly • useful in overhead work • straight or curved

  32. Pole Pruners & Saws • used to cut or saw branches high overhead • telescoping - go up to 18 feet

  33. How and When • Deciduous Shade Trees • when - dormant - early spring before leafing out • exception - bleeder trees - Mid June

  34. Bleeder trees • Sugar Maple

  35. What to look for • Central Leader - single leader • multiple leaders - narrow crotch angles in time will break

  36. What to Look for • scaffold branches • crotch angle 45-90 degrees • limbs spirally arranged • prune off lower limbs 8-10 feet high

  37. What to Look for • distance vertically between scaffold branches • lowest branch on SW side • remove suckers - weak wood • remove hangers

  38. What to Look for • remove water sprouts • remove parts growing in toward center of trees

  39. Fruit Tree Pruning • spurs - majority of fruit production is borne on spurs • open tree up to let light into spurs • spurs bear fruit every other year

  40. Evergreens • don’t respond well to pruning • broadleaf - like deciduous flowering shrubs

  41. Evergreens • needle types - pines, spruce, fir, juniper, yews, respond better • spruce or fir - single needle prune back to 1/4 inch above axillary bud

  42. Junipers & Yews • awl shaped needles • prune spring to mid summer • when temperature is above freezing

  43. Pine • candle growth - new growth from tip of branches, milky green color • remove 1/3 to 1/2 of candle growth in the spring

  44. Deciduous shrubs • spring flowering - lilac, honeysuckle • set flower buds during previous year • prune after flowering

  45. Summer flowering • roses, hydrangia • set flower buds same year that they flower in spring • prune before bud set

  46. Deciduous shrubs • avoid August and September pruning for all deciduous material

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