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Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

Explore the intricate functions of the endocrine and reproductive systems, including hormone production, gland structure, and reproductive processes.

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Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

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  1. Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

  2. Endocrine 1 Endocrine 2 Repro 1 Repro 2 Pictures 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50

  3. Endocrine 1 - 10 Points QUESTION: • What are two features of the endocrine system? ANSWER: • Ductless glands • Coordinates with nervous system • Slow responses

  4. Endocrine 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • This type of hormone circulates in the blood bound to plasma proteins? ANSWER: • Steroid hormones

  5. Endocrine 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • Which hormone causes blood glucose to increase? Name the two ways it does this. ANSWER: • Glucagon • Gluconeogenesis • Glycogenolysis

  6. Endocrine 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • What causes diabetes mellitus? What are three signs of diabetes? ANSWER: • Hyposecretion of insulin or hypoactivity of insulin • Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

  7. Endocrine 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe the production of thyroid hormone? ANSWER: • Iodine moves from the blood through the follicle cell into the lumen • Thyroglobulin is synthesized in the golgi apparatus, moves to lumen • Tyrosines and iodine combine to make T1 and T2 • These combine to make T3 and T4 • Form lysosome in follicle cell, this removes excess colloid • T3 and T4 exocytosed into blood

  8. Endocrine 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • What are the three types of stimuli for hormone release? ANSWER: • Humoral • Neural • Hormonal

  9. Endocrine 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • Name the anterior pituitary hormones. ANSWER: • LH • FSH • PRL • ACTH • GH • TSH

  10. Endocrine 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • Hypersecretion of GH in adults can cause _____________, in children ______________. Hyposecretion in children can cause _________________. ANSWER: • Acromegaly • Gigantism • Pituitary dwarfism

  11. Endocrine 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • What happens if an animal is deficient in iodine? ANSWER: • Lack of TH produced • Goiter

  12. Endocrine 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe how lipid soluble hormones exert their effects on a cell. ANSWER: • Diffuses through plasma membrane • Binds intracellular receptor • Enters nucleus • Binds response element • Initiate transcription of mRNA

  13. Repro 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: • The testes must remain _______ degrees cooler than core body temperature. ANSWER: • 3

  14. Repro 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: • What are the three accessory glands in the male? ANSWER: • Seminal vesicles • Prostate gland • Bulbourethral gland

  15. Repro 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: • Sertoli cells secrete three substances. What are they and what do they do? ANSWER: • Inhibin – represses FSH • ABP – increases T concentration in testes • MIS – prevents formation of Mullerian ducts

  16. Repro 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: • What are the four stages of follicle maturation? ANSWER: • Mitotic division of germ cells • Nuclear arrest • Cytoplasmic growth • Resumption of meiosis

  17. Repro 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe production of estrogen. ANSWER: • Cholesterol becomes testosterone in thecal cells • T goes to granulosa cell • Aromatase converts T to estrogen

  18. Repro 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: • ____________ causes ovulation ANSWER: • LH surge

  19. Repro 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: • What mechanisms ensure that the sperm and egg meet in the uterine tube? ANSWER: • Prostaglandins – reverse peristalsis, cervix mucus less viscous • Peristalsis and cilia in uterine tube

  20. Repro 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: • What is the maternal recognition of pregnancy in humans? Cows? Pigs? Horses? ANSWER: • hCG • Interferon tau • Estrogen • Unknown peptide

  21. Repro 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: • Which gene determines if a developing fetus will be male or female? ANSWER: • SRY gene

  22. Repro 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe the cortical reaction. ANSWER: • Sperm moves past corona radiata • Binds to ZP3 receptors • Acrosomal reaction digests zona pellucida • Sperm binds sperm binding receptors • Plasma membranes fuse • Causes rise of calcium, hardening zona pellucida and blocking sperm receptors

  23. Pictures – 10 Points QUESTION: • Identify the glands ANSWER: • Thyroid gland • Parathyroid gland

  24. Pictures – 20 Points QUESTION: • Identify the parts of a sperm ANSWER: • Head • Midpiece • Tail

  25. Pictures – 30 Points QUESTION: • Name the different follicles and structures on the ovary. ANSWER: • Primordial • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • Mature • CL

  26. Pictures – 40 Points QUESTION: • Name the layers of the endometrium. ANSWER: • Stratum functionalis • Stratum basalis

  27. Pictures – 50 Points QUESTION: • Describe the formation of mature sperm cells. ANSWER:

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