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S. S 10. Secretion. Reabsorption. Filtration. Test # 3 on Monday. Covers only Cardiovascular and Respiratory. Some short answer questions and draw and label questions. Lab next week: Urinalysis!. Drink Test Beverage in 5 minutes or less. Urinalysis Lab. 800 ml tap water or

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  1. S S 10 Secretion Reabsorption Filtration

  2. Test # 3 on Monday Covers only Cardiovascular and Respiratory. Some short answer questions and draw and label questions. Lab next week: Urinalysis!

  3. Drink Test Beverage in 5 minutes or less Urinalysis Lab 800 ml tap water or 800 ml tap water + 7 g NaCl or 80 ml tap water + 7 g NaCl Drink plenty of water the day of lab; Avoid coffee, caffeine, salty foods 60 min 30 min 30 min 30 min 30 min 30 min 1 Hrbefore Lab Empty bladder; note time At 30 min intervals, collect urine measure V and [NaCl] During intervals, diagram the negative feedback loops. Beginning of Lab: Collect Urine, measure Volume and titrate [NaCl]

  4. S 11 Renal Physiology • Structures of the kidney • Four fundamental renal mechanisms • Filtration • Reabsorption • Secretion • Metabolism • Functions of the kidneys • Homeostasis • Fluid balance (blood pressure) • Electrolyte balance (blood pressure, membrane excitability) • Acid-base balance (in concert with lungs)

  5. Special terms • Filtration: movement of fluid from blood into the lumen of the nephron (renal tubule) • Reabsorption: the movement of specific compounds from the tubular lumen back into the blood (peritubular capillaries) • Secretion: the transport of specific compounds from blood into the tubular lumen • Excretion: elimination from the body in urine Glomerular Filtration Rate = 120 ml/ min

  6. Table 14.02

  7. Lab: Extra 800 ml intake! Sidebar: some desert animals never drink and must obtain all their water in the diet.

  8. Table 14.04 Lab: Extra 7 g intake!

  9. Kidneys are source of 3 hormones: Renin, EPO, and Vit D. Kidneys are targets of 3 hormones: ADH, Aldosterone, ANH S 15 Nephron = tubule Tubular fluid vs urine Topics discussed: cortex, medulla, kidney stones, micturition (detrussor, internal and external urethra sphincters and innervation), incidence of bladder infections by gender, urethral sphincters

  10. Renal artery = One way in. Two ways out of kidney (renal vein or ureter) S 16 Enlargedon nextpage

  11. S 19 Juxtamedullary and Cortical Nephrons Fig. 14.02a Renalcorpuscle Peritubular Capillaraies and branch thereof called vasa recta A Portal System

  12. S 20 The nephron

  13. S 21 Fig. 14.03a

  14. Fig. 14.05 Glomerular Filtration Rate is 120 ml/min = 180 L/day Three stimuli for secretion of renin from JGC

  15. Ultrafiltrate of plasma enters Bowman’s space Composition same as plasma except no formed elements and no proteins and no substances bound to proteins Figure 14.03

  16. Fig. 14.08 Starling Forces variable

  17. Ways to alter GFR Fig. 14.09 What substances can cause this constriction? What happens during hemorrhage?

  18. Fig. 14.02a

  19. Membrane proteins are segregated into apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes. Figure 14.10 reabsorption Secret ion Amino acid glucose metabolism

  20. Reabsorption and secretion in proximal tubule is NOT under hormonal control. Primary active transport of Na+ establishes a gradient for reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, etc. Reabsorption and secretion in DCT & CCD is under hormonal control. Hormones that act here: ANH, ADH, Aldosterone. Here, reabsorption of Na+ is linked to the secretion of K+.

  21. Effect of ADH: insertion of more aquaporins in th the membranes Effect: Increase H2O reabsorption

  22. Figure 14.31 Normally, all filtered bicarbonate is “reabsorbed”

  23. Membrane proteins are segregated into apical (luminal) and basolateral membranes. Figure 14.10 reabsorption secretion Amino acid glucose metabolism

  24. Filtration is controlled by aa and ea diameters!

  25. Consider a substance that in filtered only, no reabsorption, no secretion. Excretion of this substance = GFR Clearance of this substance = GFR

  26. Clearance = volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed (cleared) by the kidneys per unit time. • Clearance of Inulin is 120 ml/min • Cinulin or Ccreatinine = Glomerular Filtration Rate

  27. Renal Handling of Substances Filtration + complete Secretion Ex: Para AminoHippurate (PAH) Measure Renal Plasma Flow Filtration + partial reabsorption Ex: SodiumEx: Water Filtration + 100 Reabsorption Ex: GlucoseEx: Amino Acids

  28. Clearance = volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed (cleared) by the kidneys per unit time. • Clearance of Inulin is 120 ml/min • Cinulin or Ccreatinine = Glomerular Filtration Rate • If C x is greater than GFR ( which is Cinulin) then that substance undergoes NET TUBULAR SECRETION • If C x is less than GFR ( which is Cinulin) then that substance undergoes NET TUBULAR REABSORPTION

  29. A little more on Clearance: Clearance of glucose = 0 ml/min which means…. Clearance of X = 120 ml/min which means…. Clearance of antibiotic XXX = 500 ml/min which means…

  30. Calculating clearance “24 hour urine catch” + blood sample • Special cases: Clearance of • Inulin and creatinine (filtered only; use to measure Glomerular Filtration Rate.) • Para Amino Hippurate (filtered and completelysecreted, use to measure Renal Plasma Flow) Clearance of s = Urine concentration of s X Urine Volume Plasma concentration of s

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