El mundo complejo del subjuntivo

1. El mundo complejo del subjuntivo FLS 242

2. Present perfect subjunctive • En FLS 241 – Capítulo 7 – pg. 252 • What does it mean that it’s a perfect form? • TWO WORDS – haber + participle • All the forms used a form of haya plus a participle. • Used expressions that required subjunctive.

3. Present perfect subjunctive… • With the perfect forms, we look back on the past, but the present perfect subjunctive translates to “I have” done something AND includes an element of doubt, emotion, etc. • Los estudiantes no creen que hayan aprendido bien el subjuntivo. • The students don’t believe that they have learned the subjunctive well.

4. Past perfect subjunctive • En FLS 241 – Capítulo 8 – pg. 286 • What does it mean that it’s a perfect form? • TWO WORDS – haber + participle • All the forms used a form of hubiera plus a participle • Also used expressions that required subjunctive. • Los estudiantes esperaban que ya hubieran aprendido el subjuntivo. • The students hoped that they already had learned the subjunctive.

5. Past perfect subjunctive… • We also used examples of si clauses like… • Yo habría comprado el teléfono celular si hubiera tenido el dinero. • “I would have bought the cell phone if I’d had the money.” • It looks back on a conditional past. If I had…

6. What is the difference in these two forms?? Both of them use the helping verb haber, but one is the present tense, haya, and the other uses the past tense, hubiera. The past perfect subjunctive (pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo) takes us to the past subjunctive (el imperfecto del subjuntivo) because hubiera was formed in the same way as verbs are formed for the past subjunctive.

7. Past subjunctive • Capítulo 6 – pg. 214. • The past subjunctive is formed by starting with the 3rd person plural form of the preterit, for example hablaron. • We then take off the –ron and add the appropriate ending: -ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos (with an accent added on the preceding vowel), -rais, or –ran. • hablara, hablaras, hablara, habláramos, hablarais, hablaran • There are no irregulars in this form!

8. Past subjunctive • It can be used just as the present subjunctive, but with a reference to the past. • Queremos que el mejor candidato gane las elecciones. • Queríamos que el mejor candidato ganara las elecciones. • La profesora nos pide que practiquemos el subjuntivo. • La profesora nos pidió que practicáramos el subjuntivo.

9. Past subjunctive • Another important use of the past subjunctive is in si or como si clauses. These help us create statements that are contrary to reality. • Ella me miró como si fuera loca. • She looked at me as if I were crazy. • Si tuviera un millón de dólares, te compraría una casa nueva. (used with conditional) • If I had a million dollars, I would buy you a new house. • ¿Más ejemplos?

10. Past subjunctive • Examples for use: • Esperanza habla como si todavía fuera rica. • Si Esperanza tuviera la oportunidad, regresaría a Aguascalientes. • Si yo fuera Esperanza, también no me acostumbraría facilmente. • Si estuviera Abuelita, Experanza estaría más feliz. • These expressions look at examples in the novel in the present.

11. Past perfect subjunctive • If we want to look back as in the past, we can simply change to the past perfect subjunctive and the conditional perfect, as they help us to show the action as completed in the past. • Si Esperanza hubiera tenido la oportunidad, habría regresado a Aguascalientes. • Si yo hubiera sido Esperanza, también no me habría acostumbrado facilmente. • Si hubiera estado Abuelita, Experanza habría estado más feliz. • Fun, huh?