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Electricity from Light: The Grätzel Cell

Electricity from Light: The Grätzel Cell. Electromagnetic Spectrum. Increasing Energy — Decreasing Wavelength.

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Electricity from Light: The Grätzel Cell

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  1. Electricity from Light: The Grätzel Cell

  2. Electromagnetic Spectrum Increasing Energy — Decreasing Wavelength 10-16 10-12 10 -02 10 -8 10 -6 10 -4 10 --2 10 0 10 2 10 4 10 8l (m) g-rays X-rays UV IR Microwave FM AM Long Radio Waves Radio Waves 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (l) in nanometers

  3. Atomic Structure

  4. Molecular Structure

  5. Subtractive Coloration If one component of white light is removed, the color registered by the eye is the complimentary color (opposite of the color removed).

  6. Donor-Acceptor Concept Dye molecules can be broken into three separate pieces: Electron Donor Group Electron Acceptor Group Bridge • Electronegative elements • Polar with d- opposite bridge end. • Cations A place for the e- to move into higher energy states. Usually part of The donor group • Lone e- pairs • Anions • Polar with d- at bridge end

  7. Donors Increasing order of efficiency

  8. Acceptors Increasing order of efficiency

  9. + H2O

  10. UV/ Visible Spectrophotometer Scan A b s o r b a n c e 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength in nanometers

  11. What would happen if the electrons in the dye molecule where captured and sent through a curcuit?

  12. I-/I3- h ITO or FTO ITO or FTO Porphyrin TiO2 Preparation of a Grätzel Cell ISC ~ 20 mA/cm2 VOC ~0.7 Volts  ~ 1 Efficiency ~ 11% Diagram courtesy of Dr. Wamser

  13. - - ITO TiO TCPP ITO I / I 2 3 Porphyrin LUMO -0.9 -0.6 hv +0.2 +1.1 P+ Porphyrin HOMO +2.6 2 V = 0.7 V ; I = 20 mA/cm oc sc Operation of a Grätzel Cell Diagram courtesy of Dr. Wamser

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