EEA workshop on Resource Efficiency Indicators (REI) 16-17 June 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark

1. EEA workshop on Resource Efficiency Indicators (REI) 16-17 June 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark Potential future REIs related to urban wastewater management Bo N. Jacobsen

2. Content overview REI for urban wastewater management • Current wastewater indicator (CSI024) • Specific energy consumption • Specific catchment pollution loads • Specific urban discharges • Potential use of LC(I)A concepts • Way forward

3. CSI024 – Urban Wastewater treatment - ww infrastructure service in 5 European regions key policy question: “How effective are existing policies in reducing loading discharges of nutrients and organic matter?”

4. Joint pilot initiative for large UWWTPs - Examples for illustration Specific energy consumption • Pilot initiative taken by EEA in cooperation with utility associations as continuation of IWA Water & Energy events • Based on a simple Excel template • Trial of shapefile GIS overlay for estimating population in UWWTP sewerage catchment

5. Resource efficiency – ”green infrastructure” – power consumption – carbon footprint • Starting point: net WWTP power consumption (total – recovery)(MWh/y) • Reduce by big industry component • e.g. by apportionment of E-PRTR BOD (or TOC) transfers (optional) • Normalise by: • Population connected (inhabitants) • Actual p.e. load for same year • Actual hydraulic load for same year

6. Specific power consumption at UWWTPs- 2007 data; normalised per person For illustration – not conclusive !

7. Electricity consumption per person (kWh/y/p) in 2007 5000 kWh/y/p = 570 W/p Compared to ca. 5-6 W/p for UWWTP from earlier slide

8. Consumption based CO2 emissions and population density Example: UK cities Compared to ca. 7 kg CO2-e/y/p from earlier slide Source: Urban Metabolism – final report, 2010 Stockholm Environment Institute & Technische Universität Berlin

9. Energy consumption statistics are not directly available for the water utility sector From consumption statistics: Direct and indirect global pressures caused by private (household) consumption distributed by consumption (COICOP) category, in nine EU countries, 2005 Direct and indirect global pressures caused by private (household) consumption distributed by consumption (COICOP) category, in nine EU countries, 2005 GHG emissions included in aggregated statistics

10. Specific influent loads as catchment performance REIs- excl. E-PRTR transfers; 2007 data For illustration – not conclusive !

11. Specific influent loads as catchment performance REIs- 2007 data; normalised per person For illustration – not conclusive !

12. Specific influent loads as catchment performance REIs- 2007 data; normalised per p.e. For illustration – not conclusive !

13. GIS overlay with UWWTP sewerage catchments and Corine land cover 2000 and Census 2001 - Use case for Amsterdam

14. GIS overlay with with UWWTP sewerage catchments and actual population per 1 sqKm 2005 (DG REGIO / DG AGRI development of urban clusters) - Use case for Amsterdam

15. GIS overlays correspond 80-90% of locally reported- use case from Amsterdam 15

16. Specific effluent loads as catchment + UWWTP performance REIs- 2007 data; normalised per person

17. Specific effluent loads as UWWTP performance REIs- 2007 data; normalised per p.e.

18. Some open questions: • Level of aggregation: • national, river basin district, per plant • Boundary framing: • Total energy balance or only electricity • Total plant, e.g. including incineration • Total emissions, e.g. including storm related discharges • Normalisation: • Per person, per p.e. • Willingness to share data from water utility associations not reported in current data flows • Direct or via EU directive or State-of-the-Environment dataflows

19. LC(I)A profiles as Resource Efficiency Indicator • Performance of facility (historical trend) • Optimising operation / economical incentives • Assessment of alternative measures / more advanced wastewater treatment

20. UWWTP performance by LC(I)A profile Source: Clauson-Kaas et al. 2001 (WST)

21. LCA as assessment tool – environmental taxation and UWWTP operation Source: Clauson-Kaas et al., 2004 (WST)

22. Is advanced wastewater treatment sustainable (1) ? Recent research results: LCA balance for ozonation Source: H.F. Larsen, 2010

23. Is advanced wastewater treatment sustainable (2)? LCA profiles from advanced wastewater treatment show sustainability - More environmental benefits from Ozonation + sand filtration including more parameters Source: H.F. Larsen, 2010

24. Assessing CSO treatment with LC(I)A Source: COWI 2009 (in danish) Avoided impacts Induced impacts PEM: Pop. Eqv. (part of whole society’s contribution) – weighted by distance to political target

25. Capitalised costs over 50 years for 7 alternative measures for urban stormwater management in combined systems Source: COWI, 2009

26. Combining LC(I)A context with economical dimension- for ranking of measure scenarios Weighted summation of impacts (political decissions) Today missing Composite REI i = ∆(∑ footprint i) / Cost i

27. Way forward for urban wastewater REIs Suggestions: • Immediate future (included in 2012 report) • Specific emissions (where possible per person – else per influent p.e.(BOD)) • Medium future • More highlight on stormwater inclusion in emissions • Specific catchment loads (pollution generation - possibly isolating E-PRTR porportion for further refinement) • Energy consumption (CO2-footprinting) for UWWTPs • Longer term future • Further develop LC(I)A context as REI in combination with economical dimension

28. Thank you for your attention Bo.jacobsen@eea.europa.eu