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Experience supporting ACAs in the Asia-Pacific region

Experience supporting ACAs in the Asia-Pacific region. Bratislava Regional Workshop on supporting ACAs June 30 th – July 1 st 2009. Main Anti-Corruption Agencies in Asia-Pacific Countries. Singapore: Corruption Practices Investigation Bureau (1952)

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Experience supporting ACAs in the Asia-Pacific region

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  1. Experience supporting ACAs in the Asia-Pacific region Bratislava Regional Workshop on supporting ACAs June 30th – July 1st 2009 Regional Centre in Bangkok

  2. Main Anti-Corruption Agencies in Asia-Pacific Countries Singapore: Corruption Practices Investigation Bureau (1952) Hong Kong: Independent Commission Against Corruption (1974) Others: India (1963-1964)), Malaysia (1967), Philippines (1979), Brunei Darussalam (1982), New South Wales in Australia (1989), Nepal (1990), Maldives (1991-2009), Sri Lanka (1994), Pakistan (1999), Thailand (1999), Macao (1999), Republic of Korea (2002), Indonesia (2003), Bangladesh (2004), Afghanistan (2004-2008) – Fiji (2007) – Tonga (2008) Bhutan: Office of the Anti-Corruption Commission (2006) Mongolia: Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAAC) (2006) Timor-Leste (to be set up) Regional Centre in Bangkok

  3. UNDP Support for ACAs in the Asia-Pacific Region Regional Centre in Bangkok

  4. Generic Lessons Learned on ACAs (beyond UNDP experience) Independence (cannot be 100%, it’s about operational independence, no undue influence - checks and balances, selection and appointment procedures, security of tenure, immunity and multiple reporting lines) Mandate (Investigation, Prevention, Education and awareness-raising, Coordination and Prosecution – Focus!) Strong political determination and leadership Sufficient resources and staffing Other institutions (Prosecutor, Auditor General, Public Service Reform Agency/Commission, Ombudsman, the Courts) - Coordination Regional Centre in Bangkok

  5. Country-specific lessons learned in the Asia-Pacific region (1) Afghanistan (challenges: political will, lack of clarity institutional arrangements, attract expertise due to security situation, activities: legislative review UNCAC, grant-making facility for CSOs, support High Office of Oversight, lessons: sub-national, long-term expertise instead of short-term consultants) Bangladesh (window of opportunity, ethics training, discussions on corruption/its social effects/political corruption, public campaign, UNCAC gap analysis) Bhutan (AC law, AC strategy, rules & procedures ACC, gift policy, public survey, website, theatre plays, blacklisting for tender, one-stop shop, challenge of staffing, on-going support) Regional Centre in Bangkok

  6. Country-specific lessons learned in the Asia-Pacific region (2) Malaysia (Malaysian Integrity Institute) Maldives (Anti-Corruption Board, UNCAC Gap Analysis, A2I, newly established Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission) Mongolia (parliamentary working-group, translation institutional arrangements publication, AC law, IAAC, Sectoral anti-corruption approach, MDG9 governance assessment, capacity assessment investigative department, UNCAC Gap Analysis, on-going support) Sri Lanka (CIABOC, no prevention mandate, A2I, Clean hands initiative, involvement of media/civil society, building political commitment for legislative reform is important, UNCAC Gap Analysis) Thailand (Capacity Assessment and 14th IACC in 2010) Regional Centre in Bangkok

  7. Regional Support (RCB/PC) Knowledge management: Asia-Pacific Regional Anti-Corruption Portal (http://go.snap-undp.org/focusareas/Governance/AntiCorruption/default.aspx) Support for UNCAC compliance reviews : Regional Consortium with BIG/TI/IGS (Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, and Sri Lanka) Sectoral Anti-Corruption Approach : Tools for assessing accountability in the health, education, water and sanitation sector. The Pacific Centre is exploring options for sub-regional approach to supporting national accountability institutions. Sub-regional workshops on UNCAC and FOI have generated national demand for technical assistance Regional Centre in Bangkok

  8. Topics for discussion Political economy: disengagement (Bangladesh and Cambodia) versus engagement (Thailand)? Relates to RBEC States with mono-centric power, non-existence of separation of powers, etc. UNCAC gap analysis: what experiences in RBEC region? Sectoral approaches: what experiences in RBEC region? What have we learned from NHRIs? (Paris Principles, ICC, Accreditation and review of accreditation) Updating “Institutional Arrangements” publication? Regional Centre in Bangkok

  9. THANK YOU Regional Centre in Bangkok

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