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Mixed Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region. Presentation by UNHCR. Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime Workshop on Regional Protection, Resettlement and Repatriation Bali, Indonesia; 7-8 June 2010. Overview. Mixed movements and triggers
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Mixed Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region Presentation by UNHCR Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime Workshop on Regional Protection, Resettlement and Repatriation Bali, Indonesia; 7-8 June 2010
Overview • Mixed movements and triggers • Key statistics in the region • Key movements • Protection environment • Factors affecting irregular movements
Protection and migration in the Asia-Pacific People move for a web of reasons Economic based, including labour migration Protection-driven movements triggered by human rights violations, armed conflict, serious disturbances of public order Protection-based social factors (family reunification and education) 3
People on the Move subjected to Smugglers and Traffickers Economic Migrants, Refugees and Asylum-Seekers: Travel in same directions Use same routes and means of transport Face same risks on route
Main Source Countries* in the Region(Estimated number of persons) *Source: 2009 Annual Statistical Report for UNHCR’s geographical Asia-Pacific Region. Figures rounded to the nearest thousand.
Main Host Countries* in the Region(Estimated number of persons) *Source: 2009 Annual Statistical Report for UNHCR’s geographical Asia-Pacific Region. Figures rounded to the nearest thousand.
Change in Newly registered asylum-seekers* from 2009 to 2010 for key countries in the Region * Source: 1st Quarterly Statistical Reports 2010. For Australia, figures are reported by UNHCR Canberra. ** Newly registered asylum-seekers in Australia is the total number of protection visa applications, comprising all “onshore arrivals” (Australian mainland) during first quarter 2010, and a number of “offshore arrivals” (Christmas Island) who became eligible to apply for a protection visa in first quarter 2010.
CoO: Afghanistan CoO: Afghanistan Return to Afghanistan Return to Afghanistan CoO: Iraq CoO: Iraq CoO: Myanmar CoO: Myanmar CoO: Sri Lanka CoO: Sri Lanka Key Movements in the Region LEGEND
Some factors affecting movements • Armed conflict • Human insecurity • Demand for foreign labour • People smuggling rings • Disparate standards of protection • Access to solutions
Protection Environment in the Region Lack of legal and social framework to protect refugees and asylum-seekers: • Accession rate to Refugee Convention low • Processing arrangements • Use of detention to curb irregular migration • Few national asylum systems in place • Low standard of treatment and poor access to basic services and employment • Few available solutions