The Republic of Texas and early statehood

1. The Republic of Texas and early statehood

2. Presidents of the Republic of Texas Sam Houston (1836 - 1838) • 1st President of the Republic of Texas Sam Houston(1841 -1844) • 3rd President of the Republic of Texas Mirabeau B Lamar (1838 - 1841) • 2nd President of the Republic of Texas • Known as the “Father of Education in Texas” Dr Anson Jones (1844 - 1846) • 4th and final President of the Republic of Texas • President when Texas became a state of the United States

3. Sam Houston (1836 - 1838) • Problems Houston faced during his first term: • Death of Stephen F Austin (Dec 27, 1836) • Annexation • Relations with Mexico • Native Americans • Finances • The Texas Capital

4. Annexation • Most Texans favored annexation to the United States • Houston worked hard for annexation • United States said NO because of the issue of slavery

5. Mexico refused to recognize Texas’s Independence Houston tried to prevent a new war by replacing the commander of the army, Felix Huston, with Albert Sidney Johnston Huston refused to step down and challenged Johnston to a duel where he shot him Houston solved the problem by sending all but 600 soldiers home to prevent further fighting Relations with Mexico

6. Houston worked to maintain peace with Native Americans Sent Texas Rangers to protect settlers on the frontier Native Americans

7. Texas was in financial trouble Spend less Raise property taxes More customs duties Issue promissory notes Texas debt rose to $1 million Finances

8. The Texas Capital • Sam Houston moved the Texas Capital from Columbia (too small) to a new town that would be named Houston

9. Mirabeau B Lamar(1838 - 1841) • Lamar brings a different approach to these problems • Annexation • Relations with Mexico • Native Americans • Finances • The Texas Capital • Education

10. Annexation • Lamar was against annexation • He wanted Texas to remain independent • He dreamed that one day Texas would stretch all the way to the Pacific Ocean

11. Lamar sent the new Texas Navy to help Yucatecan rebels fight Mexico Lamar organized the Santa Fe Expedition Army sent to convince New Mexico that it was part of Texas Expedition ran out of supplies and surrendered to Mexican troops Relations with Mexico • Prisoners taken to Mexico • The failure of the Santa Fe Expedition ended Lamar’s dream of expanding Texas

12. Lamar wanted to kill or drive all Native Americans out of Texas Battle of the Neches: 100 Cherokees killed including Chief Bowles for not leaving their land Council House Fight: Comanche chiefs killed when they came to peace talks in San Antonio Battle of Plum Creek: 100 Comanches killed in ambush after a large raid on Anglo settlements Native Americans

13. Issued more promissory notes called “red backs” Offered land to families moving to Texas Debt rose to almost $7 million Finances

14. The Texas Capital • Moved the capital to a new location on the Colorado River called Waterloo • It would later be renamed Austin in honor of Stephen F Austin

15. Education • Lamar is best known for his contributions to public education • He sat aside land in each county for public schools

16. Sam Houston(1841 - 1844) • Texas would again try to join the United States • Houston would work to improve relations with Native Americans • Houston would cut spending and sell the Texas Navy

17. New Problems with Mexico • Mexico invaded Texas twice during 1842 capturing San Antonio each time • Houston sent General Somervell to protect the border • Some troops disobeyed orders and attacked Mexico; this was called the Mier Expedition • The Texans were captured and some were executed in the Drawing of the Black Beans

18. The Texas Capital • Sam Houston wanted to move the capital back to Houston • Angelina Eberly and the citizens of Austin wanted the capital to stay • In the Archives War Austin residents shot at Houston’s men who came to take the state archives • The capital stayed in Austin

19. Dr Anson Jones(1844 - 1846) • Jones followed most of Houston’s policies including pushing for annexation • While Jones was president Texas was annexed by the United States through a joint resolution in Congress • Texas became the 28th state

20. Lets look at some vocabulary • Annexation: The Adding of one entity to another, in this example; The United States wanted to Add Texas to its territory. • Compromise: The agreement of two parties to give up something and reach a mutually beneficial decision.

21. Vocabulary • Manifest Destiny: The idea that Texas would spread all the way to the pacific. • Federalism: The states have power outside of the federal government.