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Trace element nutrition and bone metabolism

Trace element nutrition and bone metabolism. Cibele Torres 1,2 & Doug Korver 1. 1 University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada 2 Current Address: Nutreco Poultry Research Centre, Spain. The Broiler Skeleton.

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Trace element nutrition and bone metabolism

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  1. Trace element nutrition and bone metabolism Cibele Torres1,2 & Doug Korver1 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada 2Current Address: Nutreco Poultry Research Centre, Spain

  2. The Broiler Skeleton http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/2216/biomechanical-compromises-and-constraints-on-locomotion-and-breathing-in-broiler-chickens

  3. Bone mineral • Mineralization • Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 • Bone strength • brittleness http://www.iupui.edu/~bbml/boneintro.shtml

  4. Cartilage matrix • Tensile strength & elasticity

  5. Embryonic bone growth Cartilage model Femur – 20d embryo 20d chicken embryo

  6. Embryonic bone growth Adapted from Kubota et al., (1981)

  7. Bone growth - elongation

  8. Bone growth - width

  9. Trace elements & bones

  10. Trace elements & bones • Copper • Lysyl oxidase • Elastin and collagen cross-linking • Tensile strength and elasticity A: non-crosslinkedcollagen fibrils E,G: crosslinked collagen fibrils after mineralization composed of bundles of subfibrils Yi & Aparicio, 2013

  11. Trace elements & bones • Manganese • Polymerase & galactotransferase • Chondroitin sulfate – hyaline cartilage

  12. Trace elements & bones • Zinc • Collagenase cofactor • Collagen formation • Alkaline phosphatase • Bone mineralization • Osteoblast proliferation • Growth plate gene expression

  13. Trace element requirements • Little new research • Dietary requirements well understood • Low cost of supplementation • Toleration of excess • Opportunities • Selection for rapid growth • Maternal nutrient transfer • Organic trace minerals • Phytase

  14. Broiler 50 years ago Broiler 30 years ago Today’s Broiler M. Zuidhof, University of Alberta

  15. Organic trace elements • Inorganic trace minerals (ITM) • Organic trace minerals (OTM) Metal ion Organic trace mineral Organic ligand

  16. Organic trace elements • Organic forms are assumed to have increased bioavailability • (Lesson, 2003)

  17. Maternal trace element nutrition P= 0.005

  18. Femur length E15 a c bc ab Treatment: P=0.005 BW <.0001 a, b, c LSmeans with different letters are significantly different (P0.05).

  19. Phytase • Binding of divalent metal cations

  20. Conclusion • Trace minerals are essential for bone formation • Little current research on trace minerals and bone metabolism • Physiological limits to skeletal growth/development? • Specialized application of supplements • Organic trace elements • Phytase

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