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Sleep and Wakefulness (and Circadian Rhythms)

Sleep and Wakefulness (and Circadian Rhythms). What is Sleep?. Minimal Behavioral Activity. A rapidly reversible state of quiescence. Increased Arousal Threshold. Species-Specific Posture. Tobler and Stadler , 1988. Measurement of Sleep. Two Types of Sleep.

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Sleep and Wakefulness (and Circadian Rhythms)

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  1. Sleep and Wakefulness (and Circadian Rhythms)

  2. What is Sleep?

  3. Minimal Behavioral Activity

  4. A rapidly reversible state of quiescence

  5. Increased Arousal Threshold

  6. Species-Specific Posture • Tobler and Stadler, 1988

  7. Measurement of Sleep

  8. Two Types of Sleep • Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep • Four different stages • (1 [lightest] – 4 [deepest]) • Mixed-frequency EEG • low amplitude, high frequency or high amplitude, low frequency • Relatively little muscle movements • Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep • Low-amplitude, high frequency EEG • Synchronous eye movements • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ6I9N7t7Vc • Paralysis • Narcolepsy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvMyuZKGKAY

  9. Time Course of Sleep

  10. Ontogeny of Sleep

  11. Neural Control of Sleep

  12. Neural Control of (NREM) Sleep Bottom-Up Processing

  13. Flip-Flop Circuit • Cliff Saper, Bob McCarley, Jerome Siegel

  14. Neural Control of (REM) Sleep • PGO waves • pons-geniculate-occipital areas OR • Brainstem-Thalamus-Occipital Cortex

  15. Brain-Spinal Cord Induction of Paralysis During REM sleep

  16. Neural Control of Spindles

  17. Really Cool Probing of Sleep-Regulatory Areas With Optogenetics

  18. Circadian Rhythms

  19. Basic Criteria of Circadian Rhythms • Any physiological or behavioral process that oscillates predictably across 24 hrs • This rhythm can be shifted by environmental factors (light, drugs, mating) • Persist even with the removal of environmental factors (light, seasons)

  20. Some Out-of-Phase Physiological Rhythms

  21. Rhythms in Humans • Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky

  22. Neural (SCN) Control of Rhythms SCN: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

  23. Beyond the SCN: Molecular Control of Rhythms

  24. Real-Time Recording of Molecular Feedback in the SCN

  25. Working in Tandem • Interaction between sleep and circadian brain systems characterized as the “two-process model”

  26. More Questions? • You can stop by for a lab visit

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