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The United Nations System and its Humanitarian Role

The United Nations System and its Humanitarian Role. 1. GA Resolution 46/182 (1991). Position of the ERC Establishment of the IASC Institutionalization of OCHA Humanitarian coordinator system International appeals. Position of the ERC. Head of OCHA

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The United Nations System and its Humanitarian Role

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  1. The United Nations System and its Humanitarian Role

  2. 1. GA Resolution 46/182 (1991) • Position of the ERC • Establishment of the IASC • Institutionalization of OCHA • Humanitarian coordinator system • International appeals

  3. Position of the ERC • Head of OCHA • Responds to requests of affected states • Mobilization of external assistance • Advocates for access to affected population • Chairs IASC • Supervises network of humanitarian coordinators

  4. UN AGENCIES • WFP(F.M.) • UNICEF (F.M.) • WHO (F.M.) • FAO (F.M.) • UNDP (F.M.) • UNHCR (F.M.) • OHCHR (S.I.) • UNFPA (F.M.) • OCHA (F.M.) Other UN Special Rep on IDPs (S.I.) • Сеть НПО • Межд. Совет добровольных учреждений (S.I.) • Интерэкшн (S.I.) • NGO netwroks • ICVA (S.I.) • Interaction (S.I.) • (S.I.) • RED CROSS/RED CRESENT • ICRC (S.I.) • IFRC (S.I.) IASC • International Organizations • IOM (S.I.) • World Bank(S.I.) IASC

  5. GA 46/182: Lead Role of Government in Humanitarian Response ‘Each State has the responsibility first and foremost to take care of victims of natural disasters and other emergencies occurring on its territory. Hence, the affected State has the primary role in the initiation, organization, coordination, and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory.’ ‘States whose populations are in need of humanitarian assistance are called upon to facilitate the work of these organizations in implementing humanitarian assistance, in particular the supply of food, medicines, shelter and health care, for which access to victims is essential’

  6. Responsibilities of the government • Provide leadership to the response • Ensure mechanisms for coordination with humanitarian partners • Facilitate easy entry and exit of non-residential humanitarian partners, personnel, goods and equipment • Facilitate legal status of operations of non-residential humanitarian partners • Provide “Humanitarian space”: Ability of humanitarian actors to work independently and impartially in pursuit of humanitarian imperative

  7. Supporting role of humanitarian partners No organisation has a comprehensive mandate or the capacity to assist and protect a large number of vulnerable populations

  8. Responsibilities of humanitarian partners • Needs and beneficiary based assistance: Aid that seeks to save lives and alleviate suffering, including support to existing services (such as food, water, health, shelter, education, etc) • Protection: All activities aimed at ensuring respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and the spirit of relevant bodies of law, including international human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law • Protection should always be integrated into humanitarian assistance

  9. Common Humanitarian Principles: • Humanity (humanitarian imperative comes first, right to receive assistance) • Impartiality (aid provided regardless of race, creed, nationality – needs-based) • Neutrality (organisations not working as instruments of government foreign policy) • Independence

  10. Coordination through HC and HCT • IASC-wide consensus to establish coordination structures under leadership of RC/HC • Humanitarian Country Teams are broad-based, with UN, NGO, International Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement, IOs representation • Senior level coordination platform for strategic planning, priority setting, and decisions • Aims to support inter-cluster coordination

  11. OCHA • Supports the RC/HC in emergency response tools and services • Resource mobilisation: appeals, CERF, pooled funds • Information management • Disaster response preparedness

  12. Humanitarian appeal (CAP) • Coordination tool for international response and resource requirements • UN, NGO, Red Crescent, others • Make donors more effective by precluding simultaneous, overlapping appeals • Officially issued in Geneva

  13. NGOs NGOs Private PNS’ NGOs NGOs MIL Relief Coordination - the reality? OCHA New York SG Donor Govt’s OCHA Coordinator WFP Rome UNCEF Humanitarian Coordinator UNDP UNCS UNHCR IFRC USAID/ DART UNDAC CMOC OSOCC WFP EMOPS Ambassador

  14. Humanitarian reforms Cluster approach Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all sectors Humanitarian financing Adequate, flexible and timely financing Humanitarian coordinators Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian emergencies Partnership Strong and equal partnership between UN and non-UN partners

  15. Global Cluster Leads Sector/Cluster Designated Lead • Agriculture FAO • Camp Coordination & Camp Mgmt UNHCR & IOM • Early Recovery UNDP • Education UNICEF & Save the Children • Emergency Shelter UNHCR & IFRC (convenor) • Emergency Telecommunications OCHA, UNICEF & WFP • Health WHO • Logistics WFP • Nutrition UNICEF • Protection UNHCR • Water, Sanitation & Hygiene UNICEF

  16. 5. Web information • www.reliefweb.int • http://ochaonline.un.org/ • www.irinnews.org

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