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Identity

Identity. Building a Nation. A Geographical Look. Joshua Israelites crossed the Jordan and camped at Gilgal (3-4) Destroyed Jericho (5-6) Took Ai (8) Joshua defeated kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon (9-10)

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Identity

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  1. Identity Building a Nation

  2. A Geographical Look • Joshua • Israelites crossed the Jordan and camped at Gilgal (3-4) • Destroyed Jericho (5-6) • Took Ai (8) • Joshua defeated kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon (9-10) • Hazor, Madon, Shimron, Achshaph all defeated in the north (11)

  3. Division of the Land

  4. Judges • Settlement more of the model than conquest • Israelites are in the land, but there are problems • surrounded by enemies • no central administration • still tribal in orientation

  5. Judges 19 -21 illustrates the divisions 19:1 “In those days, when there was no king in Israel…..” 19:25 “But the men would not listen to him. So the man seized his concubine, and put her out to them. The wantonly raped her and abused her all through the night until the morning. And, as the dawn begin to break, they let her go.” 19:29 “When he had entered his house, he took a knife, and grasping his concubine he cut her into twelve pieces, limb by limb, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel.: 20:1, 3b “Then all the Israelites came out, from Dan to Beer-sheba, including the land of Gilead, and the congregation assembled in one body before the Lord at Mizpah. … And the Israelites said, ‘Tell us, how did this criminal act come about?’” 20:13 “’Now then, hand over those scoundrels in Gibeah, so that we may put them to death, and purge the evil from Israel.’ But the Benjaminites would not listen to their kinsfolk, the Israelites.” 21:25 “In those days there was no king in Israel; all the people did what was right in their own eyes.” Judges 19-21

  6. Bridges the gap between judges and prophets I Samuel 7:15-17 “ Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. He went on a circuit year by year to Bethel, Gilgal, and Mizpah, and he judged Israel in all these places. Then he would come back to Ramah, for his home was there; he administered justice there to Israel, and built an altar there to the Lord.” His sons prove unworthy to rule after him (I Sam 8:1-3) Samuel

  7. A King • I Sam 8:6-8 But the thing displeased Samuel when they said, “Give us a king to govern us.” Samuel prayed to the Lord and the Lord said to Samuel, “Listen to the voice of the people in all that they say to you; for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over them. Just as they have done to me from the day I brought them up out of Egypt to this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so also are they doing to you.”

  8. Taxation One-tenth of grain, vineyards, flocks Loss of Labor (family and slave) Change of Lifestyle Creation of a military and a “court” pulls away sons for service Away from home, they must be supported so pulls away daughters for support Arguments Against A King

  9. Standing Military No need to muster an army every time a fight comes up Protection in a hostile time and area All tribes equally invested in the needs of the country Central Government One law Equal adjudication and standing Diplomatic core for international relations Arguments for a King

  10. Tall (1 Sam 9:2) Transformed by God (1 Sam 10:9) Reluctant to rule (10:21-23) Keeps living in Gibeah (10:26) Saul

  11. Biblical account is stacked against him The length of his rule is not mentioned (13:1) Two versions of why his reign is lost (13:4-15 and 15:1-34); they are at the outset of the story to let the reader know what is going to unfold so there is no question of David’s ultimate rise Saul is a valiant warrior; 14:47-48 reads: When Saul had taken the kingship over Israel, he fought against his enemies on every side – against Moab, against Edom, against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; wherever he turned he routed them. He did valiantly, and struck down the Amalekites, and rescued Israel out of the hands of those who plundered them. More on Saul

  12. As listed in 14:49 As listed in 31:2 Sons of Saul ***Note also two daughters: Merab and Michal***

  13. I Samuel 16 Anointed by Samuel v. 12: young, beautiful eyes, handsome David

  14. Came into the service of Saul as a musician (I Sam 16:14-23) Earned fame in the defeat of Goliath (I Sam 17) David in Saul’s Court

  15. I Sam 16:21-22 And David came to Saul , and entered into his service. Saul loved him greatly, and he became his armor-bearer. Saul sent to Jesse, saying, “Let David remain in my service, for he has found favor in my sight.” (compare 17:55-58) 18:1 When David had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. 18:4 Jonathan stripped himself of the robe he was wearing, and gave it to David, and his armor, and even his sword and his bow and his belt. 18:20 Now Saul’s daughter Michal loved David 19:1-7 Jonathan intercedes for David 19:11-17 Michal saves David’s life 20: Jonathan helps him flee David, Saul, and Saul’s Family

  16. 18:6-9: As they were coming home, when David returned from killing the Philistine, the women came out of all the towns of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul with tambourines, with songs of joy, with musical instruments. And the women sang to one another as they made merry, “Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands.” Saul was very angry, for this saying displeased him. He said, “They have ascribed to David his ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed thousands; what more can he have but the kingdom?” So Saul eyed David from that day on. Attempts to kill David with his spear – 18:10-11; 19:9-10. Attempts to kill him with a suicide mission for a marriage – 18:20-27 Saul sees God with David – 18:12-16 and 29 Saul angry with both Michal (19:17) and Jonathan (20:30-34) Saul goes after those who help David (22:14-19) Saul chases David in wilderness (23:15-29) and is not impressed for long when David spares his life two times (24:1-22 and 26:1-25) David’s Challenge to Saul

  17. When Saul dies, kills the young man who put him to death (2 Sam 1:14-16) Mourns Saul in public (1:11-12, 17-27) Anointed king over Judah (2:1-4a); Ishbaal is King of Israel (2:8-11) with the support of Abner Rewards people of the city who cared for Saul’s body (2:4b-7) Gains the support of Abner (3:6-16); mourns him when Joab kills him (3:26-39) Gets Michal back (3:14-16) Great PR (3:36) Kills and makes a show of the men who assassinate Ishabaal (4:9-12) Anointed king of all Israel (5:1-5) Chooses a politically neutral capital and establishes it (5:6-10) Brings the ark of the covenant to the city (6:1-19) Michal remains childless (6:20-23) David’s Steps to Secure the Throne

  18. David’s Sons 2 Samuel 3:2-5: Sons were born to David at Hebron: his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam of Jezreel; his second, Chileab, of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; the third, Absalom son of Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur; the fourth, Adonijah son of Haggith; the fifth, Shephatiah son of Abital; and the sixth, Ithream, of David’s wife Eglah. These were born to David at Hebron.

  19. Nathan’s Prophecy 2 Samuel 7 8-17: Now therefore thus you shall say to my servant David: Thus says the Lord of hosts: I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep to be prince over my people Israel; and I have been with you where you went, and have cut off all your enemies from before you; and I will make for you a great name, like the names of the great ones of the earth. And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, so that they may live in their own place, and be disturbed no more, as formerly, from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel; and I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover the Lord declares to you that the Lord will make you a house. When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your ancestors, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come forth from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me. When he commits iniquity, I will punish him with a rod such as mortals use, with blows inflicted by human beings. But I will not take my steadfast love from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before you. Your house and your kingdom shall be made sire forever before me; your throne shall be established forever. In accordance with all these words and with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David.

  20. David’s Troubles 11:1-2: In the spring of the year, the time when kings go out to battle, David sent Joab with his officers and all Israel with him; they ravaged the Ammonites, and besieged Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem. It happened, late one afternoon, when David rose from his couch and was walking about on the roof of the king’s house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; the woman was very beautiful. Note v.6: Now she was purifying herself after her period

  21. Bathsheba turns up pregnant after her time with David (11:5) David calls in her husband Uriah from the front to try and “cover” his mistake; Uriah will not sleep with his wife (11:6-13) David orders Joab to arrange for Uriah’s death (11: 14-21) David assures Joab it is okay (11:25) and not to worry Bathsheba brought into David’s house (11:27) The child of David and Bathsheba dies (12:15-23) Solomon born to them (12:24-25) David’s Troubles (continued)

  22. Amnon (eldest son) rapes Tamar (the sister of Absalom, the third oldest son) David “became very angry, but he would not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, for he was his firstborn” (13:21) Absalom waits two years (13:23) then kills Amnon (vv. 28-29) Absalom flees (vv. 34, 37) even though it was a crime people understood (v. 32) Joab arranges for Absalom’s return after three years (vv. 38-39); he waits another two in Jerusalem (14:23-24, 28) before he is forgiven by his father (v. 33) Trouble in The Family

  23. Absalom is a beautiful man (14:25-26) He wins over the people with his charm in a four-year campaign (15:1-6) Gets himself declared King at Hebron and garners support of some of his father’s people (15:7-12) Forces his father to leave Jerusalem (15:13-18); leaves the ark behind (v 25) Ahithophel and Hushai (16:15-17:23) – note the concubines and then war advice Absalom and his army are defeated (18:1, 6-8) Absalom killed by Joab (18:5, 9-15) Joab rebukes David’s mourning (18:36-19:8) David resumes his position (19:8-15) The Coup

  24. David ill and dying (1 Kings 1:1-4) Adonijah makes a move to be king (1:5-10). He is supported by Joab and Abiathar Nathan seeks out Bathsheba to fool the king and get Solomon in (1:11-40) Adonijah initially seeks the mercy of his half-brother (1:49-53) David dies (2:10-12) Adonijah makes a move; Solomon kills him and also takes care of other enemies like Joab (2:13-46) The Succession

  25. Ruled over a great kingdom (4:20-28) Built the temple (chapter 5) His acts as king were many (9:15-28) Married foreign women (11:1-13) Faced rebellion (11:26-40) Solomon as King

  26. Reheboam to succeed his father Solomon (11:41-43) Jereboam and his followers make some demands (12:4-5) Reheboam considers and then refuses (12:6-15) The United Monarchy becomes two – the Northern Kingdom under Jereboam and the Southern Kingdom under Reheboam Succession Troubles Again

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